Effects Of Soil Conditioner On Physical And Chemical Properties Of Farmland Soil And Wheat Growth

Soil conditioner are often referred to as materials added to the soil to improve soil physicochemical properties,texture structure,and reduce soil environmental hazards so that the soil can adapt to crop growth and increase yield per unit area.In this paper,the effects of Soil conditioner on physiological characteristics and yield of wheat were investigated by adding biochar and distillers Soil conditioner,and then high-throughput measurement techniques were used to investigate their effects on soil microbial communities.In this experiment,five different treatments were set in the farmland:T1 is the control group,T2 is the conventional fertilizer group,T3 was added conventional chemical fertilizer and biochar group,T4 was added conventional chemical fertilizer and distillers grains,and T5 was added conventional chemical fertilizer and biochar and distillers grains.The main findings are as follows:?1?The soil organic matter was significantly increased when the biochar and distiller grains were added.Especailly when the bio-char was added.The range was increased by 38.44%contrated with the controlled experement group.The soil available phosphorus was not significantly changed when the biological amendments were added.And the soil available potassium was significant increased by the addition of biochar and distillers grains.And the biochar and conventional fertilizer has the greatest effect which is 9.05%higher than the controlled experement group.As for the soil total nitrogen,Adding biochar and conventional fertilizer group?T3?,adding distiller's grains and conventional fertilizer group?T4?,adding conventional fertilizer and adding biochar and distillers'grains?T5?all have significant increase.And it was 12.69%higher than that of the controlled group when the conventional fertilizer,biochar and distillers grains?T5?were added.?2?The soil bulk density was significantly reduced when the biochar and conventional fertilizer group?T3?,distiller's grains and conventional fertilizer group?T4?,conventional fertilizer and adding biochar and distillers'grains?T5?were added.The biochar And the conventional fertilizer group?T3?had the largest reduction which was a decrease of 21.71%compared with the controlled group.The conventional fertilization group?T2?reduced the soil porosity by 12.52%.There was signiicant change of the soil porosity when the biological amendments were added.including adding biochar and conventional The increase in soil porosity was greatest in the fertilizer group?T3?,which was 29.43%higher than that in the controlled group.Conventional fertilizer group?T2?reduced the soil moisture content by 11.57%;addition of conventional chemical fertilizers and addition of biochar and distillers grains?T5?had little effect on soil water content;adding biochar and conventional fertilizer group?T3?,adding distillers grains and The conventional fertilizer group?T4?significantly increased soil water content,and the addition of biochar and conventional fertilizer group?T3?had the greatest increase in soil water content,which was 13.76%higher than that of the control group.?3?The total root length of T2,T3,T4 and T5 groups was significantly longer than T1 group,in which T4 group had the longest total root length of 306.759 cm,but there was no significant difference among the groups;T2,T3,T4 and T5 groups'total root surface area was significantly greater than that in the T1 group,in which the total root surface area of the T4 group was the largest,being 78.512 cm²,but the difference was not significant between the groups;the root cross number,branch number,and chlorophyll content of the T2,T3,T4,and T5 groups were significant higher than the T1 group,but the difference between the groups was not obvious.The net photosynthetic rate of wheat in T3 group was significantly higher than others treatment groups,with the highest being 13.78?mol·m²·s^-1.The addition of biochar increased the stomatal conductance by 46.6%and decreased the intercellular CO₂concentration by 30.4%.The addition of distillers grains increased stomata.The conductance was 120.1%,which reduced the intercellular CO₂ concentration by32.3%.?4?The effect of adding biological amendments on the 1000-grain weight of wheat was not significant;adding biochar treatment?T3?and adding distillers'grain processing?T4?have increased the wheat yield by 34.9%and 30.0%,respectively.But,when different bio-improving agents,bio-char and distillers'grains were added together.The result was not good as they were added separatedly.At the same time,two different bio-improving agents,bio-char and distillers'grains,were added,and the results showed no single addition.?5?There is little influnence on soil bcterial richness from conventional fertilization and simple addition of biochar.However,the adding of the distiller's grains can significantly increase soil bacterial richness.And so as the adding of the biochar and distillers grains as the experements show.At the same time,The addition of conventional chemical fertilizers and the addition of biochar and distillers grains treatment can significantly increase the dominance of soil bacterial communities.Finally,Distiller grains treatment can increase the abundance of Betaproteobacteria in soil,and biochar treatment can increase the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria in soil.?6?At the level of bacteria,Gemmatimonadetes was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen content,and had a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter content;Chloroflexi was significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter;Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Planctomycetes and soil available potassium were significantly negative Correlation;Bacteroidetes showed extremely significant negative correlation with soil available K content.