The Application Of Modern Surveying And Mapping Technology In The Paleolithic Archaeology

Modern surveying and mapping technology is the technology of acquiring,transferring,storing,displaying and applying information based on 3S technology,using electronic computers,remote sensing technology and modern communication technology.The so-called 3S,is namely satellite positioning technology(GPS),remote sensing technology(RS)and geographic information system technology(GIS).From the perspective of technology and method,this paper combines modern surveying and mapping technology with Paleolithic archaeology,and details parts of 3S technology for collecting,managing,intelligent processing and analyzing the archaeological remains.Since 1990 s,many archaeologists at home and abroad have been improving in the field of Paleolithic field,who have more complete and meticulous records,measurement data,drawing records,video and sound records,etc.Since this method laid a high starting point for the future work,the modern tools needed for information collection are also introduced more and more.However,with the deepening of Paleolithic archaeology research and the continuous development of research methods and technologies,the existing technology means such problems as long field measurement,limited access to three-dimensional information and poor protection of site information.A large number of software and hardware provide a more scientific and accurate means to obtain and analyze the basic data based on this situation.In recent years,total station,RTK,comprehensive application of UAV hardware such as Arc GIS,GlobalMapper,Agisoft,Photoscan and other software,not only can more efficiently obtain topography and the remains of the location and shape of the data,but also to establish the GIS database of data for further analysis and Research on the visualization of archaeological results comprehensive digitization and research results.The main work of this paper can be summed up in three parts: 1.a comprehensive survey of the investigation area is carried out by the settlement archaeology method in environmental archaeology.The RTK measurement system was set up in the investigation area,and the whole site was collected with the UAV low altitude photography to get the digital results of the site orthophoto image and DEM;2.taking the excavation of Duzhuang site as an example,a set of new surveying and recording methods consisting of total station,leveling and 3D reconstruction technology is introduced,which greatly improves data collection and efficiency of Paleolithic site information collection.3.we collate the data collected from the archaeological investigation and excavation,analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of the data by using ARC GIS,and then get some new understanding of prehistoric culture through the discussion of the relationship between man and land.