Effects Of Planting Patterns On Water And Salt Dynamics And Maize Growth On Soda-saline Soil

Saline soil is a potential cultivated land resource in China.The improvement and utilization of saline soil is of great importance to the sustainable development of agriculture.Shanxi Province has 0.33 million hm~2of saline soil,of which the Datong Basin accounts for more than 2/3,and70%saline soil is soda-saline soil.In this paper,the field experiments were combined with the characteristics of soda-saline soil,the four planting methods(the conventional planting without plastic mulching CK,the conventional planting with plastic mulching,the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching,the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching)were studied on the dynamics of water and salt and the growth of corn on soda-saline soil,it is concluded that the best way of planting saline soil,promote the high-efficient and high-yield maize.The main results were suggested as follows:(1)The four planting methods can reduce the soil pH,of which0-40cm soil layer has the most obvious effect.The soil EC of 0-20cm soil layer was changed a lot in different planting methods,and the soil EC of20-40cm soil layer was stable.(2)In different planting methods,the soil moisture of 0-40cm soil layer was significantly different,and the soil moisture of 40-100cm soil layer was relatively stable.The highest soil moisture was the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching,the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching and the conventional planting with plastic mulching next,the conventional planting without plastic mulching soil moisture was the lowest.However,the highest temperature was the conventional planting without plastic mulching,followed by that of the conventional planting with plastic mulching,the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching,the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching.(3)The four planting methods can reduce the soil water-soluble sodium,total alkalinity,sodium adsorption ratio,exchangeable sodium and ESP,the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching can reduce the best effect,followed by that of the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching,the conventional planting with plastic mulching,the conventional planting without plastic mulching.In the growth period of maize,the soil water-soluble sodium was increased with the increase of soil layer,the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching,the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching and the conventional planting with plastic mulching of the soil water-soluble sodium than CK decreased by93.24%,49.49%and 86.84%.The side of ridge planting with plastic mulching and the conventional planting with plastic mulching of the soil total alkalinity were decreased by 29.41%and 47.18%than CK,the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching was increased by 113.41%.The planting methods of the sodium-adsorption ratio were decreased obviously,in the harvest period,the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching,the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching and the conventional planting with plastic mulching were reduced by 80.93,45.69 and 81.84 units than CK.The four planting methods had great influence on exchangeable sodium and ESP in the 0-40cm soil layer,the the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching,the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching and the conventional planting with plastic mulching of the soil exchangeable sodium and ESP were reduced by 53.85%and 56.41%,33.08%and 49.24%,38.82%and 33.27%.(4)In the growth period,four planting methods could increase the dry matter accumulation in the upper part of maize.After harvest,the accumulation of dry matter in the upper part of the maize was the highest.Compared with the CK,the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching,the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching and the conventional planting with plastic mulching were increased by 52.51%,33.71%and 17.87%.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the maize could be improved by different planting methods.The ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching and the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching of the effects of increasing were the most obvious after harvest,respectively,they were increased by 20.67%,15.24%,33.81%and 31.64%,45.71%and 65.48%than that of CK.The side of ridge planting with plastic mulching,the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching and the conventional planting with plastic mulching had a significant increase in yield,which is 68.97%,48.78%,37.56%higher than that of CK.The yield of maize was the highest with the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching.As a result,the side of ridge planting with plastic mulching can be effectively improved the water and salt dynamics of soda-saline soil and promoted the growth of maize,followed by the ridge planting of the whole furrows with plastic mulching,the conventional planting with plastic mulching and the conventional planting without plastic mulching.