The High-dimensional Spatial Solitons In Coherent Atomic Media

Since the invention of laser in 1960,its nonlinear optics phenomena and wide applied value has been found.Such as,it can be used to study the microstructure and dynamics of matter,and quantum communication and quantum computation.Based on the strong laser field,nonlinear optics of strong light level which researches the nonlinear phenomena appeared in processes of the interaction between strong laser and matter.is one of the im-portant fields of nonlinear physics,which research the interaction between light and matter.The rich nonlinear phenomena induced by strong laser field has drastically enhanced our cognition to nonlinear optics effects under the nonresonant interaction of atom and light field,but nonlinear optics effects under the resonant interaction is still lacking.Under the resonant condition,a significant nonlinear optical effect could be obtained in a weak light level.But the light field will be absorbed strongly by the atomic medium.In recent years,electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)opens a bright door for the research of nonlinear optics at weak light level.In this paper,we propose a scheme to generate and stabilize the high-dimensional spa-tial solitons via electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).The system we consider is a resonant atomic ensemble having Λ configuration.We illustrate that under EIT con-ditions,the equation satisfied by the probe field envelope is reduced to a saturable nonlin-ear Schrodinger equation(SNLSE)with the trapping potential,provided by a far-detuned laser field and a random magnetic field.At the beginning,we find that some solitons are the extension of the linear eigenmode,others entirely derive from the role of nonlinearity.Then we present the high-dimensional soliton solutions exhibiting many interesting char-acteristics,including,diversity(i.e.,many different types of soliton solutions can be found,including bright,ring-multi-pole bright,ring-multi-pole dark-like,multi-ring bright,multi-ring dark-like,gray,vortices solitons),the phase transition between bright and dark-like solitons(i.e.,the phase transition can be realized by controlling the nonlinear coefficient or the intensity of trapping potential),and the stability(i.e.,the various solitons can be stabilized by the Gaussian potential provided by the far detuned laser field,or the random potential provided by the magnetic field).Comparing with previous studies,we not only show the diverse soliton solutions in the same system,but also find the boundary of the phase transition for the type of solitons.In addition,we present the possibility that is using the random potential to stabilize various solitons and vortices.The research of high-dimensional spatial solitons based to EIT,not only advances the basic theory of nonlinear optics in coherent medium,but also have a potential application in the nonlinear optical apparatus and optical information processing and transmission at a low light level.