Microbial Biodiversity In Rhizospheric Soil Of Torreya Grandis 'Merrillii'

Torreya grandis cv.Merrillii is a specialty rare fruit in China.With the continuous expansion of the planting scale of camphor and the increase of the planting period,the lack of scientific and reasonable management experience in the current toon industry has caused the deterioration of the soil chemical properties of the camphor forest.we used Illumina sequencing to investigate the diversity and structure of soil bacteria and fungal communities from Torreya grandis‘Merrillii'fields in different cultivation years,different main production areas.To explore the relationship between the growth of Torreya grandis cv.Merrillii and the rhizosphere microorganisms,and to find out the main soil environmental factors affecting the microbial community structure changes in the rhizospheric soil of Torreya grandis cv.Merrillii,have important theoretical and practical significance for improving the soil quality of Torreya grandis cv.Merrillii and promoting the sustainable development of the Torreya grandis cv.Merrillii industry.The main findings are as follows:(1)The rhizospheric soil microbial community changed significantly with different planting years.The results showed that bacterial Shannon index,the richness estimators Chao1 and ACE were lower in soil in 15 a condition than those in other cultivation histories(P < 0.05),while Simpson index shows not significant difference.Bacterial community NMDS turned out the cultivation history plays a vital role on the structure changes of soil bacteria communities.The bacterial communities in 5a and 10 a have the similar communities.The varieties of bacterial richness and diversity as well as community structure(comprised basically of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Chloroflexi)are significantly correlated with organic matters soil C/N and total nitrogen(P < 0.01).The fungi richness estimators of Chao1 and ACE are significantly decreased in soil with increasing cultivation history(P < 0.05).Shannon index and Simpson index were significantly(P < 0.05)higher in soil with 10 a cultivation history than soils with other cultivation history.Fungal NMDS can be clustered in the same era.Fungal communities are comprosed of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Zygomycota.Changes in fungal richness/diversity and community structure were mainly controlled by organic matters(P < 0.05).(2)The rhizospheric soil microbial community changed significantly with different altitudes.The results showed that bacterial Chao1 index,ACE index and Shannon index increasedsignificantly with increasing altitude(P < 0.05),while Simpson index shows not significant difference.Bacterial PCo A analysis turned out the altitude plays a vital role on the structure changes of soil bacteria communities.The main factors affecting the bacterial community structure at different elevations in Zhuji are p H and available phosphorus content(P < 0.05).The Chao1 and ACE of the fungus increased significantly(P < 0.05)in the soil with altitude of 200 m,while the Shannon index and Simpson index decreased significantly(P < 0.05)at elevation 250 m.The PCo A analysis of fungi showed that the altitude had little effect on the soil fungal community structure.Fungal communities are comprosed of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Zygomycota.Changes in fungal richness/diversity and community structure were mainly controlled by p H(P <0.05).(3)The rhizospheric soil microbial community changed significantly with different altitudes.The results showed that bacterial Chao1 index,ACE index decreased significantly with increasing altitude(P < 0.05),and the Shannon Index has gradually increased,while Simpson index shows not significant difference.Bacterial PCA analysis turned out the altitude plays a vital role on the structure changes of soil bacteria communities.The varieties of bacterial richness and diversity as well as community structure(comprised basically of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Chloroflexi)are significantly correlated with p H(P < 0.01).The Chao1 and ACE of the fungus were significantly increased at the altitude of 350 m(P<0.05).The Shannon index increased first and then decreased,but there was no significant change in the Simpson index.The fungal PCA analysis showed that the altitude had a greater impact on the soil fungal community structure.Fungal communities are comprosed of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Zygomycota.Changes in fungal richness/diversity and community structure were mainly controlled by p H(P <0.05).(4)The rhizospheric soil microbial community changed significantly with different altitudes.Bacterial Chao1,ACE and Shannon index were significantly reduced(P < 0.05)at an altitude of500 m,ACE were significantly increased(P < 0.05)at an altitude of 550 m,while Simpson index shows not significant difference.Bacterial community NMDS turned out the altitude plays a vital role on the structure changes of soil bacteria communities.The varieties of bacterial richness and diversity as well as community structure(comprised basically of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Chloroflexi)are significantly correlated with Total Nitrogen,Alkaline Nitrogenand Available Potassium(P < 0.01).With the increase of altitude,the changes in the Chao1,ACE,Shannon index and Simpson index of fungi in the rhizosphere soil were basically consistent with that of bacteria.Fungal NMDS analysis showed that altitude had a significant effect on the change of fungal community structure.Fungal communities are comprosed of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Zygomycota.Changes in fungal richness/diversity and community structure were mainly controlled by p H(P < 0.05).