Antioxidation,Immune Toxicity And Rescue Of Imidazole Chloride Ionic Liquids On Loach

The ionic liquid is a"green solvent"with excellent physicochemical properties.In recent years,it has been widely used in all walks of life,but the possible toxicity and harm of ILs is not very clear.Loach is an important aquatic organism and has high economic value.It is a common species for detecting chemical substances.We studied the antioxidant effects and immunotoxicity of three imidazolium chloride ionic liquids with different length of hydrocarbon chain to loach adult from protein and gene level.The results can provide a theoretical basis for our understanding of the toxicity and safe use of imidazole ionic liquids to aquatic organisms.1?The effect of antioxidation:In the low,middle and high concentration groups,8 days after continuous exposure,1d,4d and 8d were selected for three time points to detect antioxidant indexes in two tissues of loach liver and gill.The detection indexes include Hepatic Glutamic-pyruvic Transaminase?GPT?,Reactive Oxygen Species?ROS?,glutathione reductase?GR?,Nitric Oxide Synthase?NOS?and lipid peroxide?LPO?.The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity of three imidazolium chloride ionic liquids in loach liver or gill was similar,but the activity?or content?of each index had their own laws.Compared with the control group,most of the test indexes reached significant difference or very significant difference.The activities of GPT and GR in the liver and gills were significantly lower than those in the control group.The content of LPO in the gills decreased,while the content of LPO in the liver increased significantly in low toxicity.With the prolongation of exposure time and the increase of exposure toxicity,the content of LPO decreased even lower than that of the control group.ROS is a very important index of oxidative stress.After liver exposure,the content of ROS increases.In contrast,the ROS in the gills has a tendency to decrease.After exposure to toxic exposure,the vitality of NOS was rising,and the vitality was the highest in the last stage of exposure.2?Effects of immunotoxicity:Three important non-specific immune factors,Acid Phosphatase?ACP?,Alkaline Phosphatase?AKP?and lysozyme?LZM?were selected in this study.In the process of continuous exposure for 8 days,there was a very similar trend of ACP activity and AKP activity in liver and serum of the other exposed groups except for[C₁₂mim]Cl serum treatment group and[C₁₆mim]Cl liver treatment group.In addition to the[C₈mim]Cl liver treatment group and[C₁₂mim]Cl serum treatment group,the LZM activity in the liver and serum of the other exposed groups first decreased and then increased to the level of the control group,reaching the highest value at 8d.3?Research on the level of mRNA:At the mRNA level,the immune related genes IL-1?,TNF-?and IFN-?and associated with antioxidant related genes CYP1A1 and GST were selected.The results showed that after treatment of three imidazole chloride ionic liquids,the IL-1?gene was suppressed first,and then the expression was promoted.However,the expression of TNF-?and IFN-?was inhibited after treatment,but during the treatment,TNF-?gene was first promoted and then inhibited,while the IFN-?gene was inhibited and promoted again.The gene expression levels of CYP1A1 and GST vary in different periods of time.4?Rescue experiment of sanguinarine treatment:Based on toxicological experiments,the study on detoxification of sanguinarine are discussed.The indicators for detection include GPT,GR,LPO and NOS.The loach which was exposure in ionic liquid solution was used to save the experiment for a period of one week by sanguinarine.The results showed that the GPT activity,GR activity and NOS activity tended to restore to the control level,but there was no significant change in the content of LPO.Above all,this paper from the biochemical and genetic level indicated that the imidazolium chloride ionic liquid has antioxidant effect and certain immune toxicity on Loach,provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of toxicity of imidazolium chloride ionic liquids may exist on aquatic organisms,and the use of sanguinarine on ionic liquid loach save effect.