| China has a long history with a great number of ancient books.Ancient books are an important carrier of the Chinese nation's achievements over the past thousand years.They are also the crystallization of the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese nation.They have directly witnessed the changes in many aspects,including ancient philosophy,science,technology,and language.And they also recorded the cultural differences of various ethnic groups and complements each other,fully embodying the diversity of the Chinese nation's culture.However,as time goes by,the ancient books were affected by many factors such as acidity,temperature,humidity,light,and mildew,which were not well preserved.Some of the ancient books were powdered,and some papers were stuck together and became “archive bricks”,resulting in the loss of human civilization.At present,Chinese ancient books have a large quantity,high damage rate,and fast destruction.In order to rescue and protect our precious ancient books,it is a very important and urgent task to strengthen the research on the protection of ancient books.The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the protection of ancient books and require the implementation of the principle of “protecting as the main work,rescuing as the first work,making rational use,and strengthening management.” We must take measures to save and protect the solitary and rare books on existing ancient books.To protect the ancient books,this article does some research on the flowing three steps,including pollution prevention,cleaning and reinforcement.1.Identification of the pollution strains of ancient books and the establishment of the strain pollution filesThe resuscitated strains were sampled from five ancient books of the “Ancient Books Special Collection Room”(Liaoning University)and were isolated and purified.The 16 S rDNA/18 S rDNA sequence analysis of molecular biology methods and morphological observation were used to identify strains which had growth advantages and were representative.Six strains were identified and the results are as follows:The resurrection strain on the top 1/3 of the spine of the “Xi You Zhen Quan”(Qing Dynasty)was Cladosporium sp.The 1/2 resuscitation strain from the top of the book "Yongzheng Shang Yu"(Qing Dynasty)was Aspergillus niger strain.The resurgent strain at the head of the middle page of Zhongyong University(Qing Dynasty)was Trichoderma reesei QM6 a.The reviving strain on the second page of the "Qing Shi Lu"(Qing Dynasty)was Aspergillus ochraceus gene.In the “Xi You Zhen Quan”(Qing Dynasty),the recovered strain of the 1/3 of the inside of the book was Bacillus subtilis strain.In the “Zhu Pi Yu Zhi”(Qing Dynasty),the resurrection strain of the lower 1/3 of the book's ridge was the Paenibacillus polymyxa strain.Using Ome Liangsky's calculation formula,the number of air colonies in ancient books was calculated to be 20.969 cfu/m3,and the current air pollution level in the XXXX Special Collection Room was measured as clean.According to the results of strain identification,the strain contamination files of the ancient books were formulated,and the contents of the ancient books were filled in.The treatment plan was targeted from the perspective of biology.The establishment of the strain pollution files of the ancient books can provide scientific and effective anti-mildew measures,and can also collect data for later generations to accumulate experience,extend the life of ancient books,and avoid the loss of human civilization.2.The simulation of moulds of ancient books and preparation of biological enzyme cleanerThe ancient books are so precious that they can not be directly tested,so we use the identified genus of clostridium genus evenly sprayed on the antique crafted rice paper.After the mold were formed,gently brushed off the mycelium with a brush,and prepared as a mildew simulation backup.Modified bio-enzyme cleaner with ascorbic acid and chelating agent added.The final detergent compositions were 3% papain,1% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether(AEO9),0.05% ascorbic acid,2g/ L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA),the removal rate of mildew was more than 90% at 35? for 30 minutes.3.Bacterial cellulose treated by chloride solution for paper reinforcementDistilled N-methylimidazole and allyl chloride to prepare chloride ion solution.Bacterial cellulose was pretreated,activated by ethylenediamine solution,dissolved by LiCl/DMAC dissolution system,and a mixed solution of chloride ion and bacterial cellulose was prepared at a ratio of 24:1.X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the rice paper treated with bacterial cellulose and the bacterial cellulose and chloride mixed solution,respectively.As a result,the degree of crystallinity of the paper is reduced,indicating that the isotropy is increased,the folding endura nce of the paper is increased,and the reinforcing effect is improved.The recovered chloride ion liquid also has an effect of lowering the crystallinity of cellulose,but after recovering 5-6 times,the ability will drop,and the recovery of the chloride ion solution will also decrease.Since ancient times,ancient books have carried the soul of the Chinese nation,bearing the contribution of the Chinese nation to world civilization.Therefore,in traditional Chinese culture,the role of ancient books is irreplaceable.The protection of ancient books is a historical responsibility,in order to remove mold better,we improved the pre-experimental bio-enzyme complex cleaner.In order to make the bacterial cellulose more saturated in the paper and form hydroge n bonds with the plant cellulose,the chloride ion solution was added to assist in opening the original hydrogen bond.The results showed that the developed cleaning and reinforcement agents both had significant effects.However,these are only explorations on analog samples.The preciousness of ancient books needs to be further improved.I hope this article can provide data support for the protection of ancient books,guide new ideas,and protect ancient books more effectively. |
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