| Along with our urbanization accelerating,the landscape pattern of urban land use was gradually changing.It caused obvious changes of urban microclimate and brought a series of ecological environment problems,such as urban heat island and haze pollution.Moreover,it had a serious impact on urban ecosystem health and living environment.Related research showed that increasing the urban green space and urban three-dimension green quantity ware very important measures to improve the urban ecological environment because of their significant effect on cooling,humidifying,carbon fixation and so on.As an important part of urban green space,residential green space’s area ratio and landscape layout significantly affect urban residents’ life quality,and it played an important role in urban ecological environment protection,landscape quality improvement,low carbon city construction and so on.At present,the research about the impact of residential green space number and structure on the microclimate studied more at home and abroad,but the research about the impact of residential green space layout pattern on the microclimate was rare.In addition,most researches focused on residential single piece of green patches,and the research of a whole green space layout model of residential quarter was more rare.Based on the high-resolution remote sensing image and field investigation,this paper analyzed residential buildings and green space in Nanjing and summarized the buildings and green space’s basic distribution characteristics of the multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter.Secondly,by adopting field observation,numerical simulation method and ENVI-met microclimate numerical simulation software,this paper set up the concept model of typical multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter in Nanjing and three types of green space layout pattern(centralized,distributed,axial)respectively under the same indicators.Thirdly,by contrasting the measured data of Nanjing university campus with the simulation value on summer,this paper verified the validity of ENVI-met modle from qualitative and quantitative aspects in order to provide important basis for the next simulation research.Finally,this paper simulated the residential microclimate of six green space layout pattern scenarios respectively by using the ENVI-met model,and analyzed the influence of green space layout on microclimate of Nanjing residential quarter in typical summer day from air temperature,relative humidity,wind speed three aspects.The results showed that:(1)The basic distribution characteristics of buildings and green space in residential quarter of Nanjing were as follows:Architectural layout form both gave priority to determinant building layout;The multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter gave priority to six and eleven floor respectively and their plot ratio was between 1.00 and 2.00,1.50 and 3.00 respectively;The building towards was given priority to E-W;Green space layout pattern both gave priority to centralized layout pattern;With the increase of construction year,the ratio of green space increased gradually;After 2010,the ratio of green space in the multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter was between 30%and 45%,30%and 50%respectively;The ratio of trees and shrubs ware both between 1:5 and 1:7;The ratio of evergreen and deciduous ware both between 1:1 and 2:1.(2)The results about different green space layout pattern of the multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter showed that:different green space layout patterns of air temperature and relative humidity’s distribution both had a significant influence.But the impact on different green space layout pattern of wind’s distribution was not obvious.No matter multi-storey or high-storey residential quarter,the axial green space layout had the optimal cooling effect,humidifying effect and wind environment,and the distributed green space layout had the second cooling effect and wind environment.However,the centralized green space layout had the worst cooling effect and wind environment.It was important to note that the centralized green space layout had the second humidifying effect in the multi-storey residential quarter,but the distributed green space layout had the second humidifying effect in the high-storey residential quarter.(3)By comparing six green space layout patterns of the multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter,the results showed that:air temperature,relative humidity and wind speed of different green space layout scenarios all had a similar space distribution respectively.Moreover,the green space layout of high-storey residential quarter had a better microclimate environment than the multi-storey residential quarter.This was because the high-storey residential quarter had higher green rate and building height.Based on the conclusions,this paper suggested that we should increase the axial green space layout pattern both in the multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter.Then this paper expound four optimization strategies from reducing low reflectivity pavement,increasing trees and water,changing the building space form and setting up the roof greening.Firstly,it suggested reducing low reflectivity of roadways and sidewalks pavement in order to reduce the area of high temperature and low humidity area;Secondly,it suggested increasing the number of trees and water in order to increase the area of low temperature and high humidity area;Thirdly,it suggested changing building space indexes,such as building height and building space,in order to improve wind environment and plot the internal heat away in time;Finally,it suggested setting roof greening in order to improve residential quarters’ greening coverage as far as possible without changing other indicators.Through the investigation of Nanjing residential quarters’ building and green space,this paper sumed up the generalized model of Nanjing typical multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter.Then,this paper simulated residential microclimate of six green space layout scenarios by ENVI-met respectively in the same conditions of indexes,include site area,plot ratio and green ratio,etc.The results can provide certain planning reference and scientific basis for the green space layout pattern choice of the multi-storey and high-storey residential quarter in Nanjing and other cities under the same climate zone.The whole thesis contains about 3 1 418 words,76 pictures and charts. |
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