Spatial-temporal Analysis Of Archaeological Tombs Assisted By LiDAR Data

Tomb exists in specific time and space.It's very common historical remain in archaeological research.The architectural form,space position,and the type,qunatity,display of funerary objects all follow particular social norms.These features reflect the attitude of the tomb owner and builder to death,and also are associated with the etiquette,belief and custom of the specific society.Archaeological site is the first information source of archaeological research.It's important for archaeological site to record and analyze the spatial-temporal data accurately.The existing tomb study is ofen based on handing-drawing maps.The analysis of history law depends on researchers' experience and visual observation excessively.Therefore,archaeological analysis is closely related to the individual ability of the archaeologists,and lacks of data support.In order to record the spatial-temporal relationships of the tombs accurately and assist archaeological reasoning research,the 3D laser scanner was adopted to collect the multi-temporal LiDAR data of tombs.In this paper,Kongtang site is taken as instance,which is located in Jurong City,Jiangsu Province,China and has nearly 200 tombs with complex spatial-temporal relationships.Through a series of data processing of denosing,resampling,registration,segmentation and modeling of the LiDAR data,we rebuilt the 3D scene of the tombs,providing data base for further spatial-temporal analysis.In order to analyze tomb spatial-temoral data,we studied and discussed the interrelated archaeology konwledge rules to guide further research firstly.Secondly,hand-drawing maps were fused with tomb LiDAR data,then automatic extraction of geometric features of tombs could be implemented.On the basis of extraction result,we divided the tombs into several periods by layer relationships.Furthermore,the spatial clustering was used to identify tomb groups,and the algorithms to calculation spatial distribution range and density were proposed.Finaly,by means of spatial-temporal statistical analysis,the attribute data including funerary objects type and quantity were associated with the spatial data to infer the composition and grade of social units.The spatial overlay of multi-stage tombs could show the tombs developing tendency clearly.The tombs evolution trend and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics was revealed in this paper.Besides,A operating system was designed and constructed for the edit,extraction and analysis of tomb LiDAR data.In this paper,we focus on the following research parts:(1)In order to provide theoretical guidance for the subsequent study,summarized the knowledge rules in the field archaeological excavation and burial research.(2)The data acquisition and processing model for multi-stage tomb LiDAR data was designed,and the automatic extraction algorithm for the tomb geometric features such as area,roundness and orientation was realized.(3)To study the grouping phenomenon in tombs,proposed a clustering grouping algorithm for automatic division of social units in the tombs.Based on the Gestalt principle and the knowledge of spatial form,extracted the tomb distribution range and tomb spatial density.(4)Fused hand-drawing maps with tomb LiDAR data,divided relative peroid depending on tomb layer relationships.Referenced existing tomb value quantization methods,verified the relationship between tomb value and tomb geometric attribute,analyzed the development and variation of the tombs in space and time.