| Nano-ZnO and nano-Ag are two common nanomaterials,widely used in rubber,coatings,personal care products,and so on.These products enter into environment through the process of production,transportation,and use.Finally,they end up in the ocean as the surface runoff and are absorbed by the aquatic organisms through ingestion and skin absorption.Making an impact on the survival,growth,reproduction and other metabolism processes of aquatic organisms.To date,it has been reported that the nanoparticles has many toxic effects on aquatic organisms and ecological environment.But they mainly focuse on the freshwater organisms,and the marine organisms especially copepods are scarcely studied.Tigriopus japonicus is a common species in coastal estuaries in the Western Pacific,and has potential to become the benchmark organisms for the offshore environment.Using the model organism T.japonicas,we explored the acute toxicity and the developmental and reproductive effects and toxic effects of intergenerational transmission of nano-ZnO and nano-Ag under laboratory conditions.Provide a scientific basis for the future study on ecotoxicology and the discharge standard of pollutants and coastal zone management.The main results are as follows:(1)Characterization of nano-ZnO and nano-Ag Particle size distribution of primary and stock solution of Nano-ZnO and nano-A g were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy,respectively.Primary particle size and stock solution(25 ?,ultrapurewater)of nano-ZnO were 43.17± 2.44 nm and 101.18±13.86 nm,respectively.Primary particle size and stock solution of nano-Ag were 46.55±1.12 nm and 67.07± 16.94 nm,respectively.(2)Acute toxicity of nano-ZnO and nano-Ag on T.japonicas96 h LC50 of nano-ZnO and nano-Ag on T.japonicas nauplius were 0.652 mg/L and 0.660 mg/L,respectively.96 h LC50 of nano-ZnO on T.japonicas female and male were 1.741 mg/L and 2.340 mg/L,respectively.96 h LC50 of nano-Ag on T.japonicas female and male were 2.665 mg/L and 2.985 mg/L,respectively.(3)Two generation toxicity of nano-ZnO and nano-Ag on T.japonicasThe growth,development and survival of F0 generation T.japonicas had no significant difference expose to nano-ZnO,but high concentration of nano-ZnO of 0.15 mg/L and 0.20 mg/L significantly(P<0.05)influenced the growth and survival of F1 generation T.japonicas.For nano-Ag,the mortality of F0 generation T.japonicas increased with increasing concentration,the concentration of 0.1 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L had significant increase the time of nauplius to adult of F0 generation T.japonicas.The mortality of F1 generation at 0.3 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L were higher than F0 generation,the duration of the larva phase(nauplius to adult)of F1 generation significantly(P<0.05)increased when expose to nano-Ag,but the effect were random.The toxicity of nanoparticles on F1 generation T.japonicas was stronger than that of F0 generation.Nano-ZnO at 0.2 mg/L caused F0 generation reproduction significant(P<0.05)reduction.Nano-ZnO at 0.2 mg/L caused a significant(P<0.05)reduction in the number of clutch in the F1 generation T.japonicas.The Innate rate of increase of F0 generation T.japonicas exposed to nano-ZnO were not significant difference when compared with the control.But in the F1 generation T.japonicas,there was a significant reduction in innate rate of increase(rm)at high concentration of nano-ZnO.For nano-Ag,except for 0.4 mg/L,reproduction of F0 generation had a significant(P<0.05)reduction with increasing concentration.At 0.3 mg/L of nano-Ag,F1 generation T.japonicas female had no reproduced,and at 0.4 mg/L,only male reached sexual maturity.Nano-Ag at 0.2 mg/L and 0.3mg/L caused a significant(P<0.05)reduction in the number of clutch in the F0 generation T.japonicas.A significant decrease of rm was found at 0.4 mg/L of nano-Ag.At 0.3 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L of nano-Ag,F1 generation could not reproduced. |
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