The Elucidation Of Eleven Bristletails Mitochondrial Genome

Archaeognatha in the phylogenetic relationship of insects is the first primitive taxa to branch out which in basal taxa,and Archaeognatha is a wingless insect not known to people.Currently,Archaeognatha taxonomic status and the monophyly have been confirmed,but the family,subfamily or genus phylogenetic relationship and biogeography remains unresolved,so it is badly need more molecular data for deep research.This study by increasing Archaeognatha samples to study the internal phylogenetic relationship and preliminary discussion distribution mechanism about Archaeognatha in China based on our laboratory previous research.There are 11 bristletails samples in our study,including 2 subfamily 4 genus and 11 samples,including:Coreamachilis coreanus in gongchangling,Coreamachilis coreanus in hengshan,Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)kanasiensis,Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)xinyuanensis,Silvestrichilis manasiensis which belong to Machilinae and Pedetontus silvestri in chengde,Pedetontus silvestri in fengcheng,Pedetontus taimushanensis,Pedetontus bawanglingensis,Pedetontus dachendaoensis,Pedetontus chongqingensis which belong to Petrobiinae.We succeed to sequence 11 samples complete mitochondrial genomes.Respectively,the length of their mitochondrial genomes are:Coreamachilis coreanus in gongchangling 15579 bp,Coreamachilis coreanus in hengshan 15574 bp,Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)kanasiensis 15628 bp,Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)xinyuanensis 15518 bp,Silvestrichilis manasiensis 15542 bp,Pedetontus silvestri in chengde 15747 bp,Pedetontus silvestri in fengcheng 15872 bp,Pedetontus taimushanensis 15635 bp,Pedetontus bawanglingensis 15826 bp,Pedetontus dachendaoensis 15630 bp,Pedetontus chongqingensis 15806 bp.All the mitochondrial genomes have obviously AT bias,the hightest content of A+T is Pedetontus silvestri in fengcheng(75.2%),the lowest content of A+T is Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)kanasiensis(69.0%).The A + T content of the others bristletails are in this range.The 11 samples of A,T,C,G four bases content present A%>T%>C%>G%.Respectively,the G + C content of silvestrichilis manasiensis,Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)kanasiensis,Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)xinyuanensis is 29.7%,31.0%and 29.7%,higher than the others.All the PCGs initiate with the three orthodox start codons ATN except for Coreamachilis coreanus in gongchangling,Coreamachilis coreanus in hengshan,Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)kanasiensis,Allopsontus(Allopsontinus)xinyuanensis ND2 with TTG,Pedetontus silvestri in chengde,Pedetontus bawanglingensis,Pedetontus dachendaoensis ND2 with GTG,Silvestrichilis manasiensis ND2 with TTA start codon.Most of the PCGs in the 11 bristletails ended with a complete termination codon TAA,but there are also found that the TAG,TA and T as stop codon in some samples.In combination with published on GenBank and previous data in our laboratory about Archaeognatha mitochondrial genomes,the maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian method were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationship based on concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences among 31 bristletails species with a matrix consisting of 13 PCGs of the mitogenomes,The topological structures of the two phylogenetic trees indicated that Machilidae,Machilinae and Petrobinae are paraphyletic.Pedetontus is divided into two branches,Pedetontus hainanensis cluster with Pedetontus chongqingensis,early in the Petrobinae subfamily branch out;Other sites Pedetontus cluster together,after a Pedetontinus branch out,so we suggest that Pedetontus hainanensis and Pedetontus chongqingensis should be divided into a new genus,Allopsonsus(Machilanus)tibetensis and Allopsonsus(Kaplinilis)halawuensis are not cluster with the other Allopsonsus(Allopsontinus),they were cluster with the other genus,Respectively.So we suggest that Allopsonsus(Machilanus)tibetensis and Allopsonsus(Kaplinilis)halawuensis should be given a promoted of taxonomy grade to genus.In view of China Archaeognatha insects geographic phylogeography study we found that,the distribution of the Pedetontus mainly concentrated in coastal areas,from south to north;Pedetontinus-and Allopsonsus without obvious diffusion type,Coreamachilis distribution mechanism is also from south to north.In combined with the Petrobiellinae distributed in Yunnan,we think that Yunnan area is the origin center of Chinese Archaeognatha insecttherefore s,the genus spread from south to north.