The Effects Of The Tourism Interference To The Habitat Use Of Black Neck Crane(Grus Nigricollis) In Napahai Wetlands

The alpine-cold wetland is the principal reproduction and wintering area for a variety of endangered and rare waterfowl.It is in the meantime the fragile area of ecological response.Landscape in the alpine-cold wetland is highly spatially heterogeneous.However,due to human activities and natural factors in recent years,the wetlands are on the drastic decrease which poses great menaces for the environment of migratory birds.This essay focuses its research in Napahai Wetland.Under the technological support of ENVI and ArcGIS,the essay performs a study on the landscape structures at three individual periods,the immigration period,the stabalizing period and the emigration period by illustrating remote images of these three periods.The landscape will also be divided into different categories.The essay analyzes black-necked cranes’ degrees of utilization of different living environments during the three periods.By monitoring and interfering with experiment,the essay obtains interference intensity,time periods and layout at the three periods.An analysis of interference situation at three periods is excepted to provide scientific basis for management and protection of potential environment of black-necked cranes in Napahai Wetland.The major findings are as followed:(1)The potential living environments of black-necked cranes include mud,typical swamp,marsh,beach,shallow water,farmland,and meadow.The living environmrnt of mud takes dominance during the whole wintering period.Black-necked cranes’ degree of utilization of farmland grows significantly during emigration period.Black-necked cranes take up 2196.8 hm2 of living environment during imigration period,2607.3 hm2 at stabalizing period and 2989.6hm2 at emigration period.The utilization patterns changes accordingly with hydrological systems.In general,the utilization zone presents a shift from south to north in the initial stage.It is related to the backward movement towards north of deep waters in this period.As deep waters recede,larges areas of muds and shallows begin to appear.After using the wetland,black-necked cranes move to the newly-shown wetland for food explaining the geographical change from south to north.(2)In this study to various tourist attractions as the number of interference intensity,in each period of fixed tours as an interference pattern,During the early imigration period,the strongest interference time was 08:00～10:00,and the interference intensity was 450;the second is 14:00～16:00,interference intensity this period is 330;The strongest period of interference in stabalizing period of the time is 14:00～16:00,the time of disturbance intensity for 150 people;emigration period of interference in 14:00～16:00,the interference intensity is 70,in the three period,interference of the north of the study area is mainly concentrated in Chunzong and Dala,and interference the southern part of the study area in Conggu and Bulun.With the change of hydrological fluctuation,the interference pattern in the wetland area has been enlarged,especially in the north of the study area.(3)The research area is 3677.3hm2,the removal area cannot be used in deep water area of Black necked cranes,tourism disturbance area,village,practical habitat area in early imigration period of Black necked cranes is 1342.2 hm2,accounting for 36.5%of the total area of the study area;stabalizing period of actual habitat area is 1447.7hm2,accounting for 39.4%of the total area of the study area from the period of actual habitat;the eligration period of actual habitat area is 1745.6hm2,accounting for 47.5%of the total area of the study area.Combined with the three period of the potential habitat pattern and the interference pattern,Black necked cranes using a higher degree of habitat were disturbed in different degrees,these disturbed habitats include muds,marsh,shallows and typical swamp.(4)Through the research of human disturbance on the behavior of black necked cranes,found the Black necked cranes are disturbed by human activities show the behavior for warning and flushing,and has certain tolerance to interference unit.Through the artificial interference experiment approach for black necked cranes that alert the average distance is 193±50 m black necked cranes,the alert distance can provide the basis for the management department,in order to establish the scope of protection of black necked cranes.(5)According to the different period of Black necked cranes foraging on the region,the local administrative departments should strengthen the centralized control of tourists near the foraging area,such as:In early imigration period of Black necked cranes foraging in the south of the studied area,should be in the peak of black necked cranes foraging wet areas restricted access to the number of visitors,and to narrow the scope of tourism;the northern part of the study area in stabalizing period and the emigration period when the interference is large,and the Black necked cranes foraging area are mainly concentrated in the large interference area,so the manager can be a time to focus more tourists to the southern part of the study area or less tourists attractions,in order to disperse interference.