| Protein,playing an important regulatory role to the human body growth and metabolism,is the material basis of life activity.Adults should intake 55 g protein every day to maintain the body's normal physiological activities,but with the improvement of living standards,the protein people intake more depends on animal protein,that would increase adverse ingredients such as cholesterol and saturated fatty acid which would lead to rich man's diseases such as obesity,high cholesterol and heart cerebrovascular.So low fat,no cholesterol plant protein always is the focus of attention.13 kinds of drupe seeds from Rosa-ceae whose kernel protein have development prospects were studied in this paper.The crude protein content and amino acid content were determinated for scientific nutritional value evaluation,and which on the basis of,kernel drupe species of high nutritional value and excellent protein features were filtrated out throughing researching the protein features,and then,a variety of plant protein products were developed,using its excellent plant protein,which provided important theoretical basis andpractice guidance for excellent protein development and utilization of kernel drupes.The main results were as follows:1?Kernel drupes crude protein content was higher and amino acid composition was complete.18 kinds of hydrolytic amino acids of the 13 kinds of plant seeds were complete,total amino acids content were between 22.6 g/100g to 32.57 g/100g,the average content was 27.72 g/100g,among them,Armeniaca sibirica content was the highest(35%),then Kernel Apricot content was the second,A.dulcis and Amygdalus triloba were the lowest;Glu.content among the total amino acids was the highest,the average content was 24.51%,Arg.content was the second and the average content was 10.30%.The first limited amino acid was Met.,the average content was 0.53%.By cluster analysis of 18 kinds of hydrolytic amino acids content,there were 2 types of the 13 kinds of kernel drupes,the first type was the amino acids of higher contents(30.59?32.57 g/100g)such as Kernel Apricot,Armeniaca dasycarpa?Armeniaca sibirica and Amygdalus kansuensis.The second type was the amino acids of lower contents(22.6 g/100g)such as A.dulcis and Amygdalu triloba.2?Kernel drupes essential amino acids contents were higher.8 kinds of essential amino acids contents were between 7.24 g/100g to 9.57 g/100g,the average content was 8.19 g/100g,among them,Amygdalus kansuensis content was the highest,then Prunus davidiana was the second,A.dulcis content were the lowest;Leu.Content,6.96%,among the essential amino acids was the highest,Met.content,0.53%,among the essential amino acids was the lowest.The specific value of kernel drupes essential amino acids and total amino acids(EAA/TAA)was 25.33-36.5%,the average value was 31.6%,and the specific value of kernel drupes essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids(EAA/NEAA)was 33.92?50.26%,the average value was 42.78%,which closed to the reference model standard of FAO/WHO(EAA/TAA=40%,EAA/NEAA?60%).The 13 kernel drupes were divided 2 types according to the specific value of 8 kinds of essential amino acids,the first type was the kernels of higher essential amino acids specific value such as Kernel Apricot,Armeniaca dasycarpa,Armeniaca sibirica,Amygdaluskansuensis and Prunus davidiana.The second type was the kernels of lower essential amino acids specific value.The SRC was a kind of comprehensive evaluation index of essential amino-acid content in food,the SRC was between 62.61?75.03,the average value was 70.170,Prunus armeniaca was the highest,the second was Kernel Apricot,Amygdalus kansuensis was the lowest.3?The kernel drupes were rich in medicinal amino acids.Amygdaluskansuensis(22.49 g/100g)was the first,Armeniaca dasycarpa(22.43 g/100g)was the second,A.dulcis(15.67 g/100g)and Amygdalus triloba(15.72 g/100g)were the lowest.The medicinal amino acid ratio of Prunus armeniaca to total amino acids was the highest,up to 70.6%,the second was Amygdalus kansuensis(70.5%),Amygdalus mira(69.7%)and Armeniaca sibirica(69.43%),Amygdaluspedunculata(68.0%)and Amygdalus nana(67.6%)were the third.The medicinal amino acid average ratio to total amino acids was 69.02%.By cluster analysis of medicinal amino acids content,there were 2 types of the 13 kinds of kernel drupes,the first type was the medicinal amino acids of lower contents such as A.persica,Amygdalus nana,Amygdalus mongolica,A.dulcis and Amygdalus triloba.The second type was the medicinal amino acids of higher contents such as Amygdalus kansuensis,Armeniaca dasycarpa,Kernel Apricot and Armeniaca sibirica.4?The order of taste amino acids content from high to low was delicious amino acids,sweet amino acids and aromatic amino acids.Delicious amino acids contents of Amygdalus kansuensis and Armeniaca dasycarpa were the highest,up to 11.46 g/100g,the content of Amygdalus triloba was 7.50g/100g,the lowest.The average value of delicious amino acids was 9.5 g/100g.The delicious amino acid accounted for 33.19?36.34%of total amino acids,average was 34.53%.The sweet amino acid accounted for 4.64?6.94 g/100g,average was 5.78 g/100g,Kernel Apricot was the highest.The sweet amino acid accounted for 19.70?21.57%of total amino acids,average was 20.87%.The aromatic amino acid accounted for 1.93?2.68 g/100g,average was 2.30 g/100g,Kernel Apricot was the highest.The aromatic amino acid accounted for 7.97-8.58%of total amino acids,average was 8.31%,Amygdalus triloba was the highest.5?The variation amount of protein isolate water retention of the 13 kinds kernel drupes was 1.53-2.98 g/g,average value of water absorption capacity was 2.06 g/g,the strongest water absorption capacity was Armeniaca sibirica,Armeniaca dasycarpa weakest.The variation amount of protein isolate oil absorbency was 1.66-2.74 g/g,average value was 2.00 g/g,Armeniaca sibirica was the strongest,Kernel Apricot weakest.The foamability of protein isolate was between 30.50?52.50%,Armeniaca sibirica was the best.The foam stability was between 43.57?65.34%,Amygdalus mongolica was the best.The solubility of protein isolate was between 59.68?80.32%when its pH was 8,solubility of Amygdaluspedunculata was the highest,Prunusarmeniaca lowest.The emulsibility of protein isolate was between 30.59?43.03%,emulsibility and emulsion stability of Kernel Apricot was the strongest,A.persica weakest.6?This paper systematically evaluated amino acid nutritional value features of the 13 kinds of kernel drupes,Armeniaca sibirica kernel drupe was the greatest plant protein.Having researched and developed protein products such as Almond tofu,Almond juice,Almond jelly,Almond ice cream and Almond protein dried noodle.The distinctive flavor of bitter almonds and milk fragrance mixed together and application of yeast extract rich in vitamin B made more rich and comprehensive nutrition,such as pure delicate and,green health,which provided important theoretical basis and practical guidance to scientific development and utilization of kernel drupes protein,kernel drupes protein industry chain formation as well. |
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