The Study About Ecological Compensation Mechanism Of Dong Jiang River Basin

With the rapid development of China's social economy,the eco-environment quality of China's major rivers and lakes is decreasing obviously,such as basin water environmental pollution,river and Lake area reduction,groundwater level decreases,wetland system degradation,biodiversity reduction,all of them have brought about the contradiction among of population ? economy ? resources and environment.Recently,Chinese government has actively adopted a series of policies and measures to strengthen water ecological protection,three systems have been adopted to restrict and regulate water use mode,involving “implement the strictest water resources management system”? “establish total water consumption control” and “control water use efficiency & water function zone pollutant discharge”,in addition,allocation of water resources has also been carried out effectively.Last year,all of the country implement the "River Chief" system,which means the main leaders of the party and government at all levels of China are responsible for the duty,manage and protect river and lakes within their jurisdictions.The ecological environment has been improved after the implementation of those measures.But,there are still some defects in the policy of water ecological protection especially ecological compensation,such as the absence of practical policy and the lack of market mechanism,it even weakens the public's enthusiasm for water resources protection to a certain extent.When it comes to the interests of concerned residents in the upstream and downstream,which not only affect the harmony between them but also disadvantageous to the sustainable and stable development of water environment.DongJiang River Basin cover trans-provincial region,so the lever of economic development between upstream and downstream is not balanced,the poverty population in the upstream of Jiangxi province accounts for 40% of the DongJiang River total population,the downstream of the Dong Jiang River Basin is China's most economically active regions-Pearl River Delta economic region.From the global point of view of the whole basin,in order to maximize the economic output of DongJiang River Water resources,DongJiang water source protection area in upstream of GanZhou?GuangDong ecological development demonstration area in Heyuan?demonstration area of low carbon economy in China has been established respectively.These measures provide high quality and enough quantity water for the economic development of the DongJiang River downstream,on the other hand,it limits the economic development in the DongJiang River upstream to a certain extent.The DongJiang River downstream has been formed the net provider role about ecological services for water resources actually,the DongJiang River upstream is the net beneficiaries role of ecological services process.The upstream region has made indirect contribution to the economic development of downstream at the cost of losing themselves development opportunities.The integrity of basin water cycle and the division of administrative area lead to the asymmetry of cost and benefit in the development and utilization of water resources,which lead to the contradictions among the interest groups gradually increased.In order to solve these contradictions,it is necessary to establish the ecological compensation mechanism of river basin water source protection area as soon as possible,realizing the equitable sharing and sustainable utilization of water resources in the whole basin.In this paper,combined domestic current situation of ecological compensation mechanism with abroad,taking DongJiang River water source area as the research object,from the perspective of sustainable utilization and equitable distribution of water resources,adopt the basic theory of ecological compensation mechanism,through investigating the economic ecological and environmental status of DongJiang River water source area,all of collected data are used to construct ecological compensation standard indicators,the ecological compensation value is measured by using some methods,involving the willingness to pay method?the opportunity cost method and the ecological environment service value methods,which provide a scientific basis for the ecological compensation mechanism of DongJiang River Basin,it also can provide reference for managers to make policy.At the end of the paper,some viewpoints have been put forward to in order to improve the ecological compensation mechanism of DongJiang River Basin,such as the government should pay more attention to the direct transfer of government financial transfer payment,special compensation for ecological environment should be directly compensated by financial investment,realizing indirect government compensation according to the " Public—Private—Partnership " mode.Meanwhile,actively exploring the upstream and downstream water environmental capacity trading in pilot basins,ecological compensation under market mechanism should be carried out by means of "other place pollution reduction" and “nonlocal development”.Water ecological compensation can be collected from the economically beneficial areas of water resources in the downstream benefit area of DongJiang river,issuing ecological compensation lottery,raising ecological compensation fund and other ways to raise funds,all of them are feasible to implement ecological compensation in the upstream.