Research On The Time And Space Behavior Of Domestic Tourists Visiting Shanghai Based On The Tourism Digital Footprint

Relying on the superior geographical location,convenient transportation and rich tourism resources,Shanghai has become a major tourist destination for domestic tourists.The research of tourist behavior of time and space is a more traditional geography and tourism theme,but starting from the scenic area(spot)of a certain city,combining the tourist resource types to study on the time and space distribution of tourists’ preference of resource types and scenic area(spot),and tourists travel path trajectory are relatively few,and the previous research on data acquisition means are relative to the tradition,less use of emerging technologies,data samples in time、space and number has certain limitations.This study starts from the perspective of space and time,and a case in Shanghai,gathering the travel text of the domestic tourists that has visited Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 in ctrip travel network,a total of 2370 as the source of data for this study.time behavior characteristics analysis mainly adopts geographic concentration index to measure the time distribution of each type of tourist resources of the overall intensity;drawing saturation curve and calculating the steines peak index of the different kinds of tourism resources in different seasons to analyze the peak condition;analyzing the resources preference of tourists by using other mathematical statistical analysis methods.Using the nearest neighbor index to analyze the whole spatial distribution type and its visual representation by ArcGIS;using the gini coefficient and distribution uniformity measures the balance and concentration of the spatial distribution of tourism resources in different types and verifies by using the unbalanced index;studying the features of space agglomeration in different seasons by using the theory of ArcGIS nuclear density and analyzing hot and cold spots.The analysis of tourism flow network structure mainly by drawing the map of tourism flow network through Net Draw,and analyzing the network characteristics from network scale,density and centrality through UCINET.The conclusions are as follows:Firstly,time behavior characteristics:owing to natural factors,social factors and the attribute characteristics of tourism resources,different types of tourism resources showed a different seasonal characteristics.(1)In display demonstration venues,landscape recreation area,creative industry gathering area,religion and ritualactivities,and community characteristic,cultural activity venues,old and historical monuments,local landmarks,social and commercial activities,square,visitors are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year,affections by the season are not obvious;beach tourism,mountain tourism destination,recreational lakes scenery classes and sports recreation and leisure resorts,animals and plants show relatively high concentration of attraction to visitors and have obvious seasonal features.(2)Mountain type,sightseeing recreation section,sightseeing recreation lakes and swamps are greatly influenced by climate,that are more popular in spring,summer and autumn than in winter;The proportion of animal and plant display,view point of scenery in spring is higher than other seasons,tourists surge up in the short term,so this type of tourism resources has the obvious prominent peak phenomenon;Influenced by golden week,The proportion of social and business activities,sports venues,square,local landmarks,characteristic streets,communities,old and historical monuments,creative industry gathering area in autumn is higher than other seasons,in addition to the biggest seasonal peak index number of visitors is 1,there is no significant difference in other seasons,so the distribution of these types of tourism resources in each season is relatively uniform,the peak condition is not obvious;affected by special festival customs,religious and sacrificial venues,display and demonstration venues are more popular in winter than in other seasons.(3)In spring and in autumn,the change of the proportion of tourists’ preference resources is a monotone decreasing smooth curve,the change of the proportion in summer and in winter is a staircase and is obviously jumping in the two types of tourism resources.The characteristic community,characteristic streets and garden recreation areas are ranked in the top three in each season of the year,indicating that these types of tourism resources are the main attraction types in Shanghai;animals and plants display has obvious seasonality,the rank in spring is higher than in other seasons;the combined proportion of leisure resorts and experiment place for teaching and scientific research in summer are 8-10 percentage points higher than other seasons;old and historical monuments,display demonstration venues is more popular in winter than in other seasons;on the contrary,the popularity of square declines in winter.Secondly,space behavior characteristics:(1)Mountain type,sightseeing recreation section,sightseeing recreation lakes,swamps and wetlands,animals and plants display,display demonstration venues,sports fitness sites present on the characteristics of centralized distribution;Experiment place for teaching and scientificresearch,recreation and sports leisure resort,landscape recreation area cultural activity venues,society and commerce sites,landmark buildings,a celebrity’s former residence and memorial building space on the history of the present relatively concentrated distribution,the characteristics of the religion and ritual activities,creative industry cluster area,square,characteristic streets are more uniform spatial distribution.(2)The scenic spots(points)visited by the visitors to Shanghai are characterized by a centralized distribution in the space.The distribution in different districts of Shanghai is not balanced.The areas with more visiting spots are Huangpu District,Pudong New Area,Xuhui District and Hongkou District,and less are Yangpu District,Baoshan District,Putuo District,Changning District,Fengxian District and Fengxian District.(3)Through the analysis of the seasonal kernel density can be seen,visiting scenic spots(points)is evident in the level of "one more" agglomeration characteristics,"one" is within North Huangpu District as the center,extending outward gradually,a few areas including Hongkou District,Xuhui District,Pudong New Area,Jingan District for the regional agglomeration of tourists,formed the core hot spot,"many" including Disney resort,Shanghai flower port,Fengxian Bay Tourism Resort District,Sheshan National Tourism Resort,Qibao town Historic District,the District of Qingpu Dianshan Lake Tourist Resort,Gu Village Park,Nanxiang Town Historic District have formed hot core area,its density value was higher than that of other suburbs,indicate that tourists have a certain concentration in these areas,but is not higher than central city,as the season progresses,the diffusion range of high density core hot zone becomes smaller,some core hot spot gradually become cold areas.(4)There are certain differences in the scenic spots(points)of the tourists’ preference in different seasons.The Bund,Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street,Town God’s Temple,Tianzifang,Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Yu Garden have great attraction to tourists in every season.The attraction of Xintiandi,Disney Park,Zhujiajue ancient town and so on are the second to tourists.The attraction of spring,such as Chen Shan botanical garden and Century Park,is much higher than that of other seasons.Shanghai science and Technology Museum,Fudan University and other cultural venues or colleges,as well as Shanghai,Madame Tussaud’s,Happy Valley,Maya beach,water amusement park and other amusement parks are more popular in summer than in other seasons;Wu Kang Road,Duo lun Road Cultural Celebrities street,sweet love and other characteristics of street are more popular in autumn than in other seasons;Compared with other seasons,Jingan Temple is more popular inwinter.Thirdly,Tourism flow network structure characteristics: the overall distribution is not balanced,more tourism nodes need to connect through the core nodes,the core nodes are the Bund,Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street,Tianzifang,Town God’s Temple,the Oriental Pearl TV Tower,the Yu Garden,the new world,they have obvious advantages in structure,are important codes,these codes control other codes strongly,different tourist routes have to contain these tourism nodes.The large flows between nodes are the Bund-Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street.According to the characteristics of spatiotemporal behavior of domestic tourists to visit Shanghai,in the development of Shanghai tourism should weaken the seasonal differences in the rational allocation of tourism resources;develop tourism products to meet the different needs of tourists,play the central role and strengthen the linkage development of Shanghai tourism scenic spots,and jointly promote the coordinated development.