Research On Wage Premium Of Industrial Enterprises In China Based On The Perspective Of Heterogeneity

Since the reform and opening,with the sustained development of the economy and the opening of the market,China's industrial enterprises continue to develop which lead to the steady raise of staff salaries.But at the same time,with the deepening of the pace of globalization in China,the continuous transformation and upgrading of industrial structure,as well as the implementation of the subsidy policy for different characteristics of enterprises,some enterprises have a higher wage premium,the wage gap between enterprises continue to enlarge.Coupled with the constant accumulation of trade activities to the eastern coastal areas,the regional wage gap and income inequality continue to increase.In the past,most of the enterprises are labor-intensive industries whose advantage are the low price of labor.But with the original comparative advantage gradually disappear,imminent transformation and upgrading form a new demand and challenges to many enterprises,the gap between the different enterprises widening.Although economists have found that corporate wage premiums are widespread,they do not explain the phenomenon that when we control the same region,the same industry,the same ownership attribute,there are still significant wage gaps among employees who work in different firms.Therefore,exploring the causes of wage premiums in China's enterprises,analyzing the internal factors influencing wages from multiple perspectives and the wage premiums from the perspective of heterogeneity have significant meaning to evaluate the status quo of China's industrial enterprises objectively,to promote enterprise transformation and upgrading,and to enhance the status of China's enterprises in the global value chain.According to the theoretical and empirical research,the results of this paper show that:(1)From the perspective of enterprise heterogeneity,the enterprise age and export intensity and wage level are inverted "U" type change.Enterprise's efficiency,trade union organization,enterprise scale,export status,enterprise performance,enterprise innovation ability has a positive impact on enterprise's wage level.(2)In addition to the characteristics of their own enterprises,foreign participation,ownership,holdings,geographical location and industry characteristics and other external factors also have a certain impact on the wage premium.(3)In terms of business heterogeneity,firm size,factor concentration and innovation have the greatest contribution to wage premiums.Foreign investment participation contributes the least to wage premiums.(4)From the aspect of laborer heterogeneity,gender differences,educational level,title,skill level and work experience have a significant positive impact on the wage level of enterprises.(5)The degree of education contributes the most to the wage premium of enterprises.And the contribution rate of skill level and gender difference to enterprise wage premium is bigger,while the contribution rate of the title structure to the wage premium is smaller.The working experience contributes the least to the wage premium.The possible innovation of this paper:first of all based on the multiple heterogeneity of China's industrial enterprises to study the problem of wage premium.Because there are many reasons for the formation of wage premiums,there is no single factor or theory to fully explain the existence of this premium,and the wage level of enterprises in China is the result of the interaction of various factors in economic and social development.In considering the impact of corporate heterogeneity on wage premiums,most studies only consider the heterogeneity of export status,firm efficiency,rarely pay their attention to factor concentration,firm size,firm performance and corporate retention time.Even if the research involves enterprise efficiency,most of them focus only on labor productivity,and capital productivity have hardly been considered.At the same time,it is relatively rare to incorporate the heterogeneity of enterprise innovation capacity into the factors that affect the wage premium.Secondly,analyze the impact of various factors on the wage level of enterprises and their contribution to the wage premium.Establishing a multivariate linear regression equation,extending the Mincer equation,increasing the heterogeneity of the characteristic variables,and analyzing the wage premium problem.This paper analyzes the factors that affect the wage premium of the enterprise from the heterogeneity of the enterprise and the heterogeneity of the labor force.Classification from the industry,ownership,region to explore the internal causes of this phenomenon.At the same time,according to the empirical study,Shorrocks decomposition analysis was used to analyze the influence degree and actual contribution rate of each influencing factor on enterprise wage premium.The problem of influencing factors of enterprise wage premium is discussed comprehensively,which can make up for the shortcomings of lack of contribution rate analysis in previous studies.