Impacts Of Number Of Children On The Labor Supply Of Women

In the past ten years,a major feature of China's labor market reform is the gradual decline in labor supply,and Women's labor supply fell faster than men.But compared with the world average,Chinese women's labor supply is still relatively high.2016 China's full implementation of the two child policy,in the current fierce competition in the labor market,the two child policy will have a greater impact on women's labor supply.On the one hand,from the perspective of the supply of labor,women may reduce labor supply due to fertility.The data show that there are two children of urban young women "to give up personal development opportunities" for the family and a high proportion of 50.98%,is 3.35 times the urban young men than women,only one child is more than 17 percentage points.On the other hand,from the employer's perspective,the majority of employers in order to avoid the increase in labor costs during pregnancy,may reduce the number of women who are not married,may have two children.At the same time,due to the female reproductive process will be interrupted,when the return to the labor market will increase the difficulty of employment.So,how does the quantity of children affect women's labor supply?From this point of view,this paper analyzes the influence of the number of children on female labor force participation rate,female labor time and female wage rate.This paper first reviews the relevant research results at home and abroad,the definition of female labor force participation rate,female labor time,female wage rates,and analyzes the mechanism of the number of children on female labor supply.Secondly,this paper analyzes the present situation of women's labor participation,labor time and labor income in China from the macro perspective.Then,after controlling for other variables,the empirical analysis of the number of children involved in different impact rate,the female labor time,female wage rate of female labor with 2013 Chinese income survey data(CHIPS).Find that:(1)From the perspective of female labor force participation rate,there is a U type relationship between the number of children and women's labor supply.(2)From the female labor time,OLS regression analysis showed that with the increase in the number of children,urban female labor time will increase significantly after the addition of instrumental variables that affect the number of children of urban female labor time was not significant;Regardless of OLS regression or two stage least squares method,the influence of the number of children on rural women's labor time is not significant.(3)From the female wage rate,OLS regression results show that with the increase in the number of children,the rate of urban women's wages will be significantly reduced,after the addition of instrumental variables,the impact of the number of children on the urban wage rate is still significant;Regardless of the OLS regression or the two stage least squares method,the influence of the number of children on the rural women's wage rate is not significant.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions according to the research conclusion.