Spatial Distribution Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Commercial Networks In The Main City Proper Of Kaifeng

Urban commerce is an important part of the urban economics and commercial networks are the carrier of the commercial economy.Under the background of rapid development of new urbanization in China,cities have developed rapidly and the population increased quickly.The city has become a space unit which agglomerated various material elements.There is a urgent problem of organizing the various service in a limited space unit,it has aroused the attentions of urban planning and urban geography.Kaifeng is a famous tourist city,it is not only the first historical and cultural cities in China,but also the core members of the group of city of Central Plains,and also an important part of Zhengzhou Kaifeng integration.In recent years,Kaifeng urban commercial develops very fast,and commercial space updates rapidly,due to the historical background and practical needs.Under the background of the times,it has practical significance to study the spatial distribution of commercial outlets in Kaifeng.Basing on field survey data,using standard deviation ellipse,nearest neighbor clustering,Ripley's function analysis,Zipf dimension,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,applying ArcGIS10.2,Crimestat3.3,SPSS and Photoshop,to study the problem of Spatial layout of eight commercial networks and Commercial Centers in main city proper of Kaifeng,in order to along the route of “matrix—center” to reveal the commercial space pattern in Kaifeng.Then,discussing the main factors of the commercial space formation in Kaifeng.The main results are listed as follows.Firstly,there is a good consistency between the overall distribution of all kinds of commercial networks and the development direction of Kaifeng.The standard deviation ellipses which considered the size is more obvious than the standard deviation ellipses which considered quantity of commercialnetworks in spatial distribution.All types of commercial networks performance cluster distribution except Agricultural commercial networks,and have a great difference in agglomeration intensity.The aggregation intensity of the aggregated distribution networks varies with the observation scale,it has obvious scale effect.Supermarket commercial networks change slow with the change of observation scale.Clothing,furniture,home appliances,digital appliances and light traffic commercial networks change fast with the change of observation scale,the characteristics of agglomeration intensity showed an inverted “U”.The intensity of the leisure snack commercial networks and the medical commercial networks showed the characteristics of “multi peak” and “double peak”.The largest agglomeration intensity and the maximum aggregation scale is closing,the minimum is supermarket,and the agricultural commercial networks shown random distribution.From the point of view of the distribution system of the commercial network,the grading system of all kinds of commercial networks has some fractal characteristics,and different categories and different grades of commercial networks in the space shown the feature of “double center”and “shaft”.Secondly,the commercial center hierarchy is obvious in main city proper of Kaifeng.On the spatial structure,it shows that the center is superior to the periphery and the west is better than the East.On the quantitative structure,the commercial center of each level has the trend of k=3 distribution under the principle of market theory,compared with the center place theory,the fourth grade commercial center of Kaifeng is not well developed.After discussion,we found that the substitution of other commercial sites and the accessibility of the high grade commercial center are the main factors that restrict the development of the fourth grade commercial center.Thirdly,through the analysis of influencing factors,we found that population distribution,land price restriction,agglomeration economy,planning and evolution are the main reasons for the formation ofthe current situation of Kaifeng commercial space.The urban public transport has a little influence to the commercial space,the external traffic has certain influenced to the special type networks on the location choice.