Evaluation Of Eco-efficiency Of Grain Production In China Based On Water Footprint

Grain security has a relation withhuman survival,economic and social development.Water shortage is one of the largest national conditions,but also one of the greatest factors affecting grain production.Safeguarding water security is the basis for ensuring grain security and ecological security,which is particularly important for China itself.Most of the current research on grain production in accordance with the neoclassical economics of production functions,often do not consider the natural resources factors,but also do not consider the grain production of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and other use of the environment damage.Eco-efficiency is an important tool for measuring sustainable development,and the production efficiency after taking into account theresources of production and consumption,energy,and the resulting environmental load.The grain production function based on the traditional economics can not fully express the essence of grain production.Therefore,the grain production function based on water footprint is used as the theoretical framework to evaluate the eco-efficiency of grain production(considering the total input of grain production and environmental impact Productivity),for the control of China's grain consumption and environmental pollution,to ensure that China's water security and ecological security to provide useful ideas,which has an important practical significance.Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2015,this paper calculates the total water footprint of grain production in China,including green water,blue water and gray water footprint(which represent the natural water resources input,irrigation water resources and environmental water resources investmentof grain production).Theestablishment of China's grain production function based on water footprint,the use of random frontier production function(SFA)method to measure the eco-efficiency of grain production and blue water,green water and gray water efficiency and analysis of its impact factors,comparative analysis of the differences and characteristics of the efficiency of China's grain production to study the eco-efficiency of the path,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.The results show that:(1)The eco-efficiency of grain production in China is at a high level from 2000 to 2015,while the level of blue water,green water and gray water is not high,and the efficiency of blue water is the lowest.(2)The eco-efficiency of grain production in China and the regional differences of blue water,green water and gray water efficiency are obviously different,and especially the western region is obviously lower than in the eastern and western regions.(3)The eco-efficiency of grain production and the influencing factors of blue water,green water and gray water efficiency are different.Per capita GDP,irrigation rate and time factors have a significant positive impact on the eco-efficiency of grain production.The area and annual precipitation of rice have a significant positive effect on the green water efficiency,and the flood area has a relatively large and the per capita net income of farmers has a significant positive effect on the efficiency of blue water.The proportion of surface water and the annual precipitation are significantly negative The effect of fertilizer price index and rural education level on the gray water efficiency has a significant positive effect,and the price index of pesticide has a significant negative impact on it.In view of the above research,thecountermeasures proposed in this paper are as followed: from the perspective of improving the efficiency of natural water use,we should adjust and optimize the planting structure and promote the grain production scale;from the perspective of improving irrigation water use efficiency,we should rationally control the water resources market,water irrigation technology investment;from the perspective of reducing the negative impact of environmental impact of grain production,appropriately adjust factor market prices and improve farmers awareness of water conservation,so as to protect China's efficient use of water resources and grain production safe and efficient development.