Failure Of International Trade Organization And General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)was a trade agreement between governments which was built under the Bretton Woods Conference after World War II.Originally,it was managed and operated by International Trade Organization(ITO).However,ITO had never been accepted by great powers such as USA and UK,so its effect was limited.Although HAVANA CHARTER,the programmatic document of the ITO had never been accepted by nations,some files about international trade policy namely GATT were not cancelled,with support of USA,agreements kept updating,parties continuing increasingly.Until the WTO was established in 1995,GATT fade away gradually.Before the end of the World War II,given economic reasons of the outbreak of the war,the U.S.Government is proposed to establish a multilateral free trade system,i.e.,the International Trade Organization Plan.The organization is responsible for the coordination of trade policies among all the countries,and for supervising the implementation.After the World War II,with consultations and repeated discussion among the UK and the USA as well as the countries,agreements is eventually passed at the meeting in Havana,in history which is called the Havana Charter,and this is the highest programme of action of the International Trade Organization.But for various reasons,the USA finially gives up the Organization.However,parts of the Havana Charter has been preserved,that is the multi-trade agreements among governments: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)1947.During the 50 years after the World War II,GATT is constantly improve itself and becomes the basis of the international trading system frame work.How is the birth of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade? And why the ITO,supported by the United States,can not work?This test focus on the forming process and diminishing process of the International Trade Organization,the original operation and management organization of GATT,with conflicts between great power nations during the period.This test consists of five parts.Part one,literature review.A general review of main research points of domestic and foreign scholars.Part two,foreign trade policy of USA during the Great Depression and the New Deal.Part three International Trade Organization.Part four,the failure and causes of the ITO.Part five,the birth and influence of GATTThe paper mainly discusses formation of process of international multilateral trade policy arrangement after the World War II by means of historical method and economic method.This paper will answer why the ITO eventually fail down.