Research On The Spatial-temporal Differentiation Of China’s Urban-Rural Income At Different Scales

The problem of urban-rural income inequality has been one of the important issues of geography attention.Since reform and opening up,the Chinese economy has developed with high speed and residents’ income has been increased.But in the new century,China’s economic development appears new characteristics.Especially,in recent years,the world economic downturn,and China’s economic slowdown.Over the past 30 years of rapid development,the accumulation of income difference problem is increasingly prominent.Therefore,analyzing the characteristic of the regional difference of income has strong pertinence in the new period.This paper first from the national,provincial and prefecture scales,analyzes the trend of urban and rural income inequality and urban-rural gap between 1999-2013,which reveals the characteristics of urban and rural income as a whole,regional differences,spatial agglomeration and center of gravity migration.The conclusions are as follows:(1)At national scale,urban and rural income increased significantly,the level of urban upgrading is greater than rural.The relative gap between urban and rural income changes in phases,urban and rural income ratio showed "first rapid increase,after the stagnation,and then reduce" inverted U changes.Urban and rural income growth showed an accelerated situation in general,the recent decline in income growth.Rural income growth rate overtake the town,which is conducive to reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas.(2)At the provincial scale,the pattern of urban income evolved from the lower middle of the original low-lying pattern,evolved into a clear "chuan" type ladder-type distribution pattern.At first,rural income pattern appeared "eastern>central>western" ladder type distribution,after,the gradient has weakened.Urban-rural income gap pattern is southwest(Yunnan,Guizhou)as the center,while the northwest,central and eastern divergence to reduce.The difference of urban and rural income area is less than that of rural and urban areas,and the difference between urban and rural areas is less than that in rural areas.In the past fifteen years,the spatial distribution pattern of urban income has strengthened in the east and west gradients.The spillover effect of the high income area in the eastern part of rural income is obvious,and the income in the central and western regions is higher,which is conducive to weakening the existing gap.(3)At provincial and prefecture scales,regional urban and rural income space gathering significantly.Urban and rural residents income area is positively correlated,rural spatial agglomeration is greater than urban;provincial and prefecture-level scale of urban and rural income hotspot distribution in the overall pattern is consistency,rural income and urban-rural income ratio is more negative correlation;The hot pattern of the urban-rural income gap and the hot pattern of the rural income has a strong consistency;At provincial and prefecture-level scales,urban and rural income gap are concentrated southwest>central>northeast ladder weakened trend.(4)At provincial and prefecture scales,the gravity center of urban and rural income migration direction,intensity varies.China’s urban and rural residents’ income centers are moving northward,and income growth in northern China is accelerating.In the east-west direction,rural income centers are migrating to the west,the eastern high-income growth slows;and the towns ’s center move eastward,the regions difference between the eastern and western is higher.The centers of the rural income are located in the east of the urbans’ centers,and the gap between the east and the west of the rural areas is higher than that of the urban areas.