A Study On The Hierarchical Structure Of Expenditure Responsibility Of The American College Student Funding System

As the coming of Popularization of Higher Education,the shortage of funds has become a worldwide problem.Because of the maturity of the Education Cost Shari ng theory and rising tuition,governments all over the world pay attention to student financial aid at unprecedented levels.How to actualize the maximum efficiency of s tudent financial aid under the premise of limited resources come into being a impor tant mission of governments in the world. The theory of fiscal decentralization's ris ing in the middle of twentieth Century caused many scholars to explore.It's represe ntative scholars Tiebout and Musgrave thought that local government got the flexibi lity and initiative that central government didn't have,so related power and property rights in resource allocation should be decentralized appropriately to the local gove rnment and be configured by residents'preference.so make the social service level and economic efficiency promoted.The statement about local government's rationality of theory of fiscal decentralization is widely recognized by developing countries an d developed countries and applied to many aspects. The reform of higher education management system in 1998 has put forward explicitly that the macro management system of "two level management and provincial level" in Chinese Higher Educati on.and educational funding is also in accordance with the basic principles.But the k ey point in separation of powers is reasonable.how to allocate investment and respo nsibility between central and provincial governments become the key point to be so lved in the implementation process.As a typical decentralized country,the United States has applied the theory of f iscal decentralization to the student financial aid successfully.The American college student financial aid system is formed by the federal government, the state governm ent, and institutions. In spite of the less duties of in higher education, financial su pport of federal government is dominant,which makes the financial aid systems imp rove and perfect.Under the fiscal decentralization system,The federal government, sta te government and local government are responsible for the financial allocation of c ollege students.And institutions and social donations'involvement transition financial allocation to the whole social, which makes the complementary harmony and com mon prosperity of financing business.Under the combination of federal and state go vernments,a system with full types,wide range,scientific operation and sound legal p rotection is established.Funding from a variety of channels flowed into financial aid continuously,which provide sufficient economic guarantee for the sustained and heal thy development of financial aid of higher education.By comparison, financial aid system is funded by the central government and local government in China,but fail to follow the principle of unification of the financial authority and powers.The pro portion of the central government financial expenditure is as small as half of the U S,which means the deficiency of main responsibility of central government in stude nt financial aid.Meanwhile, the traditional mode of local government rely on the ce ntral government also hindered the development of local college students'financial aid seriously.Therefore,by studying on the sound system of student financial aid in t he United States and drawing scientific lessons from its experience has practical sig nificance.