Marx's Theory Of Civil Society And Its Enlightenment

Civil society theory shall be taken seriously in the course of western philosophy history,in which numerous philosophers are maximally dedicated to analyzing its essence and history,such as philosophers in ancient Greece and Rome period,Hegel and Habermas in modern society.Among all the philosophers studying civil society theory,Marx’s analysis on civil society theory is thorough,scientific,incomparable and profound.Marx’s civil society theory plays a significant role in Marx’s theory.It is Marx’s continuous study and analysis on civil society theory that makes Marx’s theory more complete.Civil society theory under the perspective of Marx is the starting point of his historical materialism.The understanding of Marx’s civil society theory values a lot in the comprehension of Marxist theory.Three parts are included in this thesis.The first part is the interpretation of related concepts of civil society theory.Civil society theory begins in the classical period,when Aristotle,Cicero and others had a preliminary study on it.At that time philosophers are more willing to interpret the theory at national level.That is to say,the civil society in that time is almost the whole country.Early modern society is the formation period and the initial improvement stage of civil society theory.At that time capitalism had a certain development.People already have the expression for their own rights,interests and demand.During this period,this theory developed greatly,which not only inherited the relevant ideas in the classical period,but also had played an important role in the study of the latecomers.Among them Hegel is a master of civil society theory.He lead the study of civil society theory up to a new stage,especially he separated the concept of civil society and the country,which affirmed by Marx(although Marx does not agree with his conclusion).Hegel’s civil society theory has become the most direct and important theoretical source of Marx’s of civil society theory,and Marx has gained an important inspiration from Hegel.The second part is an important part in this thesis,which mainly introduces Marx’s interpretation and analysis on civil society theory.The reason that Marx has interest in the study of civil society theory is the emergence of wood theft problem.Marx didn’t understand what was the poverty root of the peasants or the poor,which prompted Marx to study the cause and effect of civil society.On the basis of the reality and the theory from predecessors(mainly Hegel),Marx’s interpretation of civil society theory reached new high.What is clear is that Marx is generally critical to civil society,because with the development of capitalism,this kind of civil society is an alienation to human nature.Marx made a comprehensive interpretation on civil society through the criticism of the predecessors’ theory and practical problems and also pointed the way to overcoming civil society problems.That is through the development of productive forces,and ultimately to realize the communist society,which is also the wonderful point in civil society theory.Nowadays the concept of "communism" is familiar to people,but few people know that the ultimate human stage of Marx’s theory derives from the study of civil society theory.The second part also gives a brief explanation on the characteristics of Marx’s civil society theory,in which Marx’s concern for people is very valuable.The third part of this thesis mainly talks about the practical revelation brought by Marx’s civil society theory,which includes the importance of the development of productive forces in promoting social development and realizing people’s rights and interests;the creation of a service-oriented government to make up the gap between rich and poor in market economy and giving full play to the initiative of the people.To maximize the mobilization of people’s vitality,production enthusiasm,requires adherence to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.The Party’s mission,to serve the people heart and soul,never changes.The adherence to the Party’s leadership is the inherent way to achieve benign social development and realize personal interests.