On Hegel's Historical Philosophy

In a broad sense,Hegel's philosophy is essentially a kind of historical philosophy.It shows a profound sense of history in all Hegelian philosophical fields.Hegel absorbed the ideas of his predecessors and established a large system of historical philosophy.In the study of the philosophy of history,Hegel used a method that was consistent with the logic of history and sought to identify the internal logic of historical events and to find out the regularity that permeated the historical development process.Hegel's exploration of historical development contains rich dialectical thinking and realistic historical content.Historical materialism is the critique,inheritance and development of Hegel's view of history.It is the result of the complete transformation and reconstruction of Hegel's concept of history on the basis of materialism.This article combs and discusses Hegel's historical philosophy,reveals the rational dialectical thought of Hegel's philosophy of history,and the essence and flaws of his idealism.Analyze Marx and Engels' Criticism and Transcendence of Hegel's Philosophy of History in the Perspective of Historical Materialism.This paper is divided into three parts.The first chapter deals with background knowledge,including the life of Hegel and its philosophical system,the background of the book of "Historical Philosophy" and its position in Hegel's philosophy system.The second chapter discusses the core concepts,basic viewpoints and main contents of Hegel's "Philosophy of History"."Rationality" and "freedom" are the concepts that run through all the time.In Hegel's eyes,reason is the foundation and source of history,and history is the display of the development process of reason itself.Freedom is the essence of absolute spirit.World history is nothing more than the progress of freedom consciousness.The realization of potential freedom is the purpose of history.The driving force of historical development is human needs,instincts,interests,and enthusiasm.Hegel highlights the status of heroes in history and believes that heroes are associated with the spirit of the times,conform to the trend of the times,and grasp the pulse of the times.The state is the realization of specific freedom,and it is the guarantee of individual freedom.Hegel took the national consciousness of freedom and the degree of freedom of the society in which he lived as the standard for demarcating the historical stage of the world.The history of the world is based on the replacement of the national spirit.Hegel dialectically views human history as a process of constant development driven by contradictions.The third chapter analyzes the criticism and transcendence of historical materialism to Hegel's philosophy of history.It is affirmed that Hegel sees the role of “person” in his historical theory,pushing human sensibility to the front of history for the first time.At the same time,Marx and Engels criticized the position of Hegelian idealism.He studied the “realistic person” and its many objective social and historical conditions and economic relations.Based on practical materialism,he made a historical philosophy of Hegel theoretically surpassed.