Time Insight And Delay In The Impact Of Cognitive Control

Cognitive control is a complex high-level cognitive process,which involves cognitive activities such as attention,control,memory,monitoring and updating.It includes three core components:cognitive flexibility,response inhibition and working memory.They have a broad and significant impact on people's daily life.Among the factors that influence the cognitive control,personality factors are the factors that can not be ignored.Among the personality factors,time perspective,procrastination is closely related to impulse control,self-control,sensation seeking and so on.Time perspective is a relatively stable psychological and behavioral characteristic of individual's cognition,experience and action.Zimbardo divides time perspective into five dimensions:past negative,past positive,present hedonistic,present fatalistic,future.Different dimensions show different attitudes,attitudes and behaviors towards time.Procrastination refers to the fact that people are willing to postpone the start or completion of a plan,even if they foresee the consequences of the action.It is not only the behavior of the delay,but also to experience the psychological discomfort.It can be divided into avoidant procrastination and arousal procrastination according to different motives.In this study,we explore the effects of two factors on cognitive flexibility and response inhibition in cognitive control.There are four studies.Study 1 mainly discusses the basic characteristics of the time perspective and procrastination.Participants completed Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory,Avoidant Procrastination Scale and Avoidant Procrastination Scale,collected 179 valid data.Descriptive statistical analysis of the college students are the basic characteristics of groups in time perspective,avoidant procrastination and arousal procrastination.Study 2 focuses on the influence of time perspective on cognitive control.According to the scores of the participants in the study 1,the scores were divided into five groups:past negative,past positive,present hedonistic,present fatalistic,future.They were then asked to complete the switching task and stop signal task to analyze their differences in cognitive flexibility and response inhibition.Study 3 mainly discusses the influence of two kinds of procrastination on cognitive control.According to a study of 1 participants in the two kinds of procrastination scores were divided into four groups:high avoidant procrastination,low avoidant procrastination,high arousal procrastination and low arousal procrastination.They were then asked to complete two cognitive control tasks to analyze their differences in cognitive flexibility and response inhibition.Study 4 focuses on the relationship among time perspective,procrastination and cognitive control.The moderating effects of time perspective on procrastination and cognitive control were analyzed with time perspective as a moderator variable.:To sum up,the conclusions are as follows:(1)The time perspective of college students is mainly focused on the following three dimensions:past positive,present hedonistic and future.There are differences in arousal procrastination and avoidant procrastination,and the number of arousal procrastination than avoidant procrastination.(2)Different time perspective dimensions have different effects on cognitive flexibility and response inhibition.There was no significant effect on cognitive flexibility,but it had a significant effect on response inhibition.Past positive and future is better than the past negative,present hedonistic and present fatalistic.(3)Different types of procrastination have different effects on cognitive flexibility and response inhibition.Specifically,two kinds of procrastination have different effects on cognitive flexibility,The low procrastination is better than the high procrastination in avoidant procrastination,but the high procrastination is better than the low procrastination in the arousal procrastination.The effects of the two kinds of procrastination are the same:low procrastination is better than high procrastination.(4)Time perspective plays a moderating role between procrastination and cognitive control.The high past negative will enhance the prediction of avoidant procrastination to response inhibition.The high past positive and the high present fatalistic will interfere the prediction of arousal procrastination to cognitive flexibility.