On The Communication Between "tian" And Human From The Perspective Of Mingde

Chinese ancients believe that everything in the world are originated from “tian”.“tian” and human are inseparable.therefor the communication between “tian” and human are necessary and feasible.In fact,in the original society,the monopoly of the rights and paths of communication between “tian ” is one of the way that dominators achieve domination of human rights.The path and way of communication between tian and man as a possible intermediary or bridge between tian and man has its indispensable position and function.It is very useful for us to understand the relationship between tian and man and understand the idea of the harmony between man and nature from the perspective of interaction between tian and man.Historically,the discussion of communication between tian and man has focused on religious activities,from the original witchcraft to the divination and to the rational and purposeful ritual activities,as well as the specific astronomical and special prophecy all of these are the ways that people take to communicate with tian in ancient days.But these actives still are based on the subjective association,full of blindness and randomeness.This article is focused on the vision of "de",to explore the communication between tian and man.And trying to make clear that wat kind of roles that "de",which was taken as humanitarian dawn in the history of Chinese philosophy,has played in the field of communication between tian and man.The article is divided into four parts.The introduction part is an simple introduction of the origin of the problem and the development of the idea of “de”,and an simple summary of related research.The first chapter defines the meaning of“tian”from different aspects.In the meanwhile,it also trying to make clear that the formation of the idea of“tian” has experienced a process of enriching and developing,and the natural means of “tian” also have experienced a process of independting from the concept of “God”,which also corresponds to the the developing process of people's rational understanding.The second chapter explores the path and way of communication between tian and man,and discuss the ways and means ofcommunication between tian and human,such as astronomy,divination,sacrifice and others-such as weird phenomenon showed in the sky,disaster and variation,“he tu”“luo shu” which are considered as the will of god and so on,which can help us to know the efforts and trial that the ancient people made to carry actualize the communication between tian and human,and trying to understand how human wisdom and imagination get exercised and development in theses activities,and further clarify what kind of transformation process the human society have experienced from the original savage to ritual civilization.Chapter 3 is trying to discuss the possibility of“de”(in this kind of situation “de” means “moral”)as a way of communication between tian and human,and its role and manifestation.To make clear that in such kind of activities,how the human reason(mainly moral)is gradually overcome the authority of witchcraft and play a role alone,and how it can be a direct communication intermedium and the bridge between tian and human.The fourth chapter is mainly about the transform of “de” form the external virtue From to the inner benevolence(kindhearted).,which is the inevitable trend of the development of“de” itself,it`s because the root of “de” is in the “heart”,so that communication between tian and human is no need to recur to external auxiliary means,and as “de” is the directly emotion of “benevolence” and is inherent in us all,so that we can communicate with tian by internal recognition of ones inner sense of heart.and achieve the real harmony between man and nature.“Ming de” as a way of communication between tian and human has its own shortcomings,in terms of experience level,there is a real inconsistency of the so-called consistent of ‘de'and happiness”,Yan hui has done nothing wrong,unfortunately died short of life.As is known to all the essential of “tian” is the so-called“supreme god”without any kind of real power,so it is difficult to guarantee that the theoretical level of “de”and the real level of the consistency of happiness.And the authenticity of “de” itself is also facing the challenge that we can not through a person's external behavior to determine whether he is really of morality and kindness.It`s just in the thinking of this issue that Confucius re-elaborate the "benevolence" and the relationship bentween“benevolence”and “de”,although Confucius has not elaborated“heart”directly,andstressed “benevolence”,as for the activity of “benevolence”,the meaning of“benevolence” can be compared with Mencius' “heart”.In the visual field of “de”,the communication between “tian” and hunman has been divorced from the shackles of real reward and punishment(“tian” reward the one who is of kindness and fine the one who is of evil),and pay more attention to the moral satisfaction of people,that is what Confucius said "peace of heart".