Research On The History Of The Preparation Of The Xiqiao Railway (1905-1911)

Xitong Railway is the first railway to built in modern Shaanxi Province.Many factors had became the driving force to consider the implementation of the Xitong Railway "power selection",including: the order of the Qing government to allow the provinces to run their own railways and the recovery of the Guangdong-Hankou Railway caused the boom of the self-built railways;to prevent foreigners on the Shaanxi right to peep;Shaanxi in the connection of east and west traffic to consolidate the importance of the northwest border;as well as the railway to open business;ventilation and other socio-economic aspects of the role of promotion.However,the Xitong Railway from the construction of the "power selection" began,that is deeply marked with the fate of the country's foul,self-protection and the strengthening of border defense as its primary driving force,and the railway's the most basic social and economic efficiency,became the secondary construction power.The discussion of Xitong Railway went through three stages,"official-merchant joint management",merchant management,and nationalization from 1905 to 1911.Until the fall of Qing Dynasty,Xitong Railway was always in the stage of proposal,with no tiny progress was made.The construction of the Xitong Railway was an economic problem in the cause of modernization,but it was given more political significance in the social environment at that time,clearly reflecting the social transformation.The whole process of preparation,involving the participation of three forces: local government,civil and foreign.Government power to the construction of the railway from the ideal to the re-reality,planning clear,reflecting its rational side.But its internal has been seriously split,the bureaucracy in the specific policy guidelines difficult to reach the consensus,the loss of government authority and the loss of social control ability,disable to integrate paties support for the construction of the railway while opposed each other.In the area of civil power,tenants are being coerced,the burden of social transformation costs,thus increasing the misunderstanding of modernization and hatred of the Qing government.The gentries are leaders,the students are pioneers,they are separated from the traditional system,"changed the political power contrast",in the government's opposite,with modern thinking to judge the government,with modern media fighting for the power of railway.They treat the power of railway a pinpoint for local autonomy and national independence of the specific way,but often seems stubborn and too emotional.In the negotiation of the railway,there are always two paths,one is from top to bottom and the other is bottom to top.The game of this kind of path reflects the different operation orientation of modernization development,that is,the question of who is the right and control resources.The foreign forces' involve,always regarded as the outside world as collusion with the government forces,causing the vigilance of civil power,as the government forces and civil forces to further antagonism of the catalyst,the government's "flirtatious" image has been fixed in the hearts of the people during the process.Around the planning of the Xitong Railway's construction can be seen,the nation's modernization mixed with complex disputes,mapping the reality of social transformation,the failure of social control mechanism,the transformation of the parties and centrifugal tendencies,and the growth of modern factors.All of these has shown a deep crisis of structural fissures between rights and interests in the Qing government,and the fragile and isolated emissary to Qing Dynasty came to its end when is powerless to cope with these dilemmas and transitions.