Shaanxi Fufu And Environmental Studies In The Ming Dynasty

Taxes and corvee as a necessary part of the state revenue and the operations of the government,have always been attentioned by the rulers. Due to the differences in taxes and corvee system,tax collection and corvee recruition has its own characteristics. During the Ming Dynasty, Shannxi area belongs to the part of Shannxi buzhengsi, has been at the forefront of the north-west frontier, facing a severe military pressure. Special geographical location make it not only bear the local fiscal expenditure, but also supply food to nearby Weisuo, the range including Shannxi, Gansu, Ningxia, overall the burden of taxes and corvee is relatively heavy. In addition, affected by the natural environment and other factors, Shannxi has formed North Shannxi, Guanzhong, South Shannxi three typical regions. Differences in the natural environment affect the human environment, particularly the uneven distribution of land and population. Many environmental factors added together, so that the taxes and corvee in Shannxi is not only different in time, but also different in the space.In this paper, through combing the basic situation of taxes and corvee in Shannxi, and then study the relationship between the taxes,corvee and the environment, discussion on the environmental impact of taxes and corvee, hoping to understand the reason in the Ming Dynasty in Shannxi.The dissertation is divided into introduction, body text and conclusion.The first part is the introduction which introduces the reason,research methods and significance of the selected topic, the situation of relative academic and research review.Simultaneously introduc the natural environment and the administrative district of Shannxi.Body part is divided into four chapters. The first chapter, the second chapter were combing and research the tax status of the Ming Dynasty in Shannxi. Limited to historical records, early in the Ming Dynasty is relatively simple, middle and late in the Ming Dynasty is described more detail, based on Jiajing and Wanli period. The dissertation discusses the system, project, amount and transport of the taxes and corvee.At the same time, discuss the land measurement and status of implementation in the Wanli period. The third chapter mainly study the corvee in Shannxi Province, because of the corvee are closely related to the census registeris, first of all discusstion the census registeris of Shaanxi.Then we focus on the Li Jia, Junyao, Yichuan, Minzhuang, analyzed the process of corvee and the specific amount of corvee into silver.In addition, also briefly analysis of the military service and the craftsman service of Shannxi. The fourth chapter is the point part of the dissertation. By overall comb of the taxes and corvee of Shannxi Province in the Ming dynasty, we can see that taxes and corvee in Shaanxi Province is different from other parts of the country,the internal area in Shannxi Province is also imbalance.Regional difference of taxes and corvee is closely related of the local natural environments,among them the effects of local topography and climate is the most obvious.These natural environments further affect human environments, such as the amount of land and population, varieties of crops,they are together affects the socio-economic development of a region.Moreover, the political and military environment also has a certain influence to the taxes and corvee.In short, affected by various environments,the taxes and corvee has obvious regional differences.The part of conclusion describes the significance and shortcoming of this study. Through researching the taxes and corvee of Shannxi in the Ming dynasty, we can understand the fiscal balance in Northwest China in the Ming dynasty, compensate for the socio-economic study of the history of the Ming dynasty in the past that attention to the South but ignored the Northwest.Discussion on the relationship between taxation and the environment, can deepen understanding of the changes in the systeme of the taxes and corvee.