Discourse Analysis Of "once"

Based on the discourse theory as the basis, adopt the method of combining theory and example analysis,diachronic and synchronic studies“once" meaning and function in a specific discourse.This article is divided into six parts: the first part introducts text linguistics new theory, in the process of the development of the Chinese linguistics plays an extremelyimportant role, for ex-ample, it makes the language study objects beyond sentences reach this level. This paper takes "once" as an example, on the basis of summarizing the predecessors’ research, comprehensive analysis of the form and semantic function in the discourse。The second part of the nature of the "once" and the process of grammaticalization.Linguists for "once" even the nature of the part of speech of controversial disputes, we agree peng xiaochuan teacher’s point of view, to think that "once" is a conjunction. This section from the "once" the perspective of vocabulary, grammar, "once" part of speech.The third part of "once" forms in the discourse. Mainly from the "once" way of cohesion, cohe-sion function and analysis of distribution of syntactic structure. First of all, "once" can be used alone, also can appear together with other words, for example with the adverb "is" the coocrurrence, also can now with cause and effect conjunction "because". Second, "once" not only can join clauses, sentence cohesion of Uighur sentence group, you can also join the paragraphs of text. According to a large number of corpus analysis conclude that "once" in the discourse gene-rally appear in the sentence first, there are two situations, one is that can appear in small speak first join clauses, 2 it is can appear in the sentence first sentence or discourse cohesion. "Once" syntactic structure distribution performance in it can be located in verb-object verb phrases and before you phrase.The fourth part "once" in semantic analysis of a text, mainly discusses the following content. The first: "once" language section where the basic semantic structural patterns. "Once" langu-age section where the basic semantic structure mode to: once A + B + C. This case sometimes omit background of item A, B + C model into once. "Once" semantic structure model of semantic elements is: A: the background, objective facts or the usual condition of things. B: assuming that contrary to the objective facts of event or a situation. C: suppose that contrary to the objective facts of events or the result of an emergency. Second: "once" conditions of use. "Once" hypoth-esis of abnormal situations or things with relatively low frequency of semantic background, but also has the realistic possibility, so normally or usually exist status will not be able to use "once" words to express, the same facts or virtual impossible some things also can not use words to express "once". Before and after the third: "once" semantic relationships. "Once" before and after the term semantic relation has the following three kinds: 1 a and B + C assumption relation; Paragraphs 2 a and B or B + C contrast relationship; A causal connection between paragraphs 3 b and C. The fourth: "once" consequent semantic characteristics. After the "once" semantic characteristics mainly has the following four: 1 semantic feature of [+ hypothesis]; 2 semanticfeatures of [+ turn]; 3 [+ accident] semantic characteristics; 4 [- controlled] semantic characteristics. Fifth: "once" consequent emotional color. "Once" consequent emotional color of basically has the following three kinds: 1 positive color; 2 negative color; 3 a neutral color.The fifth part "once" pragmatic functions in discourse, mainly manifested in the following aspects: the first: indicate the default function, divided into the preset hidden and default in two cases. Preset generally appear in the "once" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, even if there are no hidden, which is the default we can also according to the content of the "once" consequent inference default part are obtained. Second: introducing secondary information, emphasize the highlight the function of focus. "Once" language segment, the focus part appear-ed in the consequent part of the "once", is based on the actual situation make assumptions, or the usual condition of things through the iconic words "once". Third: topic embodiment of the transformation and transformation or continuation of the function of the plot. "Once" consequent if said is a kind of new situation, and referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the subject of different, to realize the conversion between the subject and at the same time people’s attten-tion once items will be moved to the consequent. If two is compared before and after or shun bearing, the topic of consistent, at that time was a continuation of the topic, usually is to highlight the item before and after contrast or relationship.The sixth part summarizes part, give a summary to full text.