The Influence Of Associated Objects On The Target's Representational Momentum In A Virtual Flight Scenario

Memory for the final location of a moving target is often displaced in the direction of target motion,and this has been referred to as representational momentum.Characteristics of the target(e.g.,velocity,size,direction,and identity),display(e.g.,target format,retention interval,and response method),context(landmarks,expectations,and attribution of motion source),and observer(e.g.,allocation of attention,eye movements,and psychopathology)that influence the direction and magnitude of displacement are reviewed.But most of the studies are limited to a single object,a few researchers associated the moving objects with other objects to explore the characterization of momentum.Recent evidence further suggests that the motion of one object can alter the perceived positions of stationary objects in remote regions of visual space(Whitney&Cavanagh,2000).This indicates that there is an influence of motion on perceived position,and that this influence can extend over large areas of the visual field.Whitney and Cavanagh(2000)reported that the motion of one object can influence the perceived positions of other moving stimuli.Along with previous results,they suggested that relative positions may be assigned to both stationary and moving stimuli by a common mechanism.Hubbard(1999)proposed that the forward displacement of a moving target was greatly influenced by the presence and location of a landmark and by the spatial relationship between the target's location and direction of motion and the landmark.The effect of size and speed of a moving object or a stationary object on a stationary object or a moving object is discussed in previous literature.But they didn't discuss the interaction between moving objects and other objects in the process of their substantial meaning.That is,previous studies are based on physical characteristics of stimulus with such a low level of processing variables,without combining with the actual production in the real life.In current study,trying to explore in different flight scenes,how the characteristics of other objects(static)influence the judgment of the position of the moving object.At the same time,the influence of the presentation length of an object and the relative relationship between the moving object and stationary object on the location of moving object are explored too.In experimental 1,the object stimulus is presented during the induction and the independent variables are the relative relations(close,far from)between moving object and stationary object.The dependent variable is the weighted measure of displacement.The experiment 1 was divided into two small experiment,the object of experiment A is the runway(security situation),the object of the experiment B stimulus is mountain(dangerous situation).We found the main effect of the relative relations is not significant,the main effect of situation is significantly and the effect of the interaction between the relative relationship and situation is significant.When approaching,the amount of forward security situation significantly greater than the forward of dangerous situation.The displacement of leaving security situation and dangerous situation is not significant.In the security situation,the weighted mean of approaching is significantly greater than the weighted mean of leaving.Under the dangerous situation,the weighted mean of approaching is significantly less than the weighted mean of leaving away.The object stimulus in experiment 2 is presented during the retention interval.The others are the same as the experimental 1.The results showed that the main effect of relative relations and the situation are significant.The interaction effect of the relative relationship and situation is also significant.When approaching,the amount of forward security situation significantly greater than the forward of dangerous situation.The displacement of leaving security situation and dangerous situation is not significant.Combined with the result of experiment 1 and experiment 2,the presentation time of other object stimulus has influence to the displacement of moving object,but it was moderated by the situation and the relative relations between the moving object and stationary object.Combine all these experimental results and discussion,this study got the following conclusions:(1)static object is a landmark.The forward displacement of a moving target was greatly influenced by the presence and location of a landmark and by the spatial relationship between the target's location and direction of motion and the landmark.When a target moved directly toward a landmark,forward displacement of that target was increased,whereas when a target moved directly away from a landmark,forward displacement of that target was decreased.but the change will be affected by the situation.(2)The object stimulus suddenly appear is a distraction.In the disturb condition,as disturb stimulus joined,observers' attention declined,and made displacement greater,so attention inhibit displacement.But the change will be affected by the situation.(3)Different situation has influence on the displacement suggested that representational momentum has a certain degree of cognitive permeability.