Natural Disasters And Farming Society In The Northern Part Of The Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty,the Agricultural Natural Disasters in the North of Shanxi province were abnormally,and the geographical environment characteristics of the mountainous towers and the power soils were seriously affected by the agricultural production in the whole area.This paper mainly analyzes the occurrence of agricultural natural disasters in the North of Qing Dynasty by combining with the records of the local chronicles in the northern part of the Qing Dynasty and the in-depth study on the formation of social and natural disasters environment of agricultural natural disasters,so as to analyze the sinificant impact of agricultural natural disasters on local farming society and the characteristics of goverment and civil disaster relief after the disaster.This artical mainly incles four chapters:The first chapter mainly analyzes the natural condations such as the special climate to pography and geomorphology of the region,the river syetem and other local condations,and how the natural disasters at that time have a strong impact on the social life.In the geographical location and the natural environment,the northern Shanxi is located in the Loess plateau transition zone,traditionally for china's agricultural and animal husbandry junction zone,the natural environment is more fragile.The water system is mainly based on the Yellow River and the Haihe River.From the social environmental,afer the war in the late Ming and the Jiangxiang rebellion of the early Qing dynasty,the social and econormic disruption,combined with frequent disasters,the local agricultural production and social life is a huge blow.The second chapter mainly analyzes the types and numebers ofdiasters in norther of Shanxi in the Qing Dynasty,and analyzes its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics in different period of Qing Dynasty.Drought is the main diasters in the area,and mainly occurs in the spring and autumn,which is dominated by spring and summer drought,which is extremely unfavorable to the growth of crops.Floods is the second largest disaster after the drought,the terrain and the characteristics of the river system made the floods more frequently.Another feature of the region's natural disasters is the papid development of drought,for example,drought within a year,drought flood frost disaster has the possibility of bursts,so in this article will be other natural disaster such as locusts hailstorns,frost,snow,frost damage,the occurrence of erathquake disaster for some research.The third chapter mainly discusses the impact of natural disasters on agricultural society in norther Shanxi,mainly from the aspects of farmer's life agricultural production.Frequent natural disasters are the first to affect the agricultural production,the occurrence of disasters will inevitably lead to crop production,food shortages,rising food prices,hungry people in exilte,and utimately will have an impact on society stability.In order to avoid the greater to the agricultural production,the local people will make corresponding changes in the crop variety and farming system according to the local special geographical condations,and further improve the water conservancy facilities.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the disasters relief measures in response to the famine side and the local people's disasters response measures.Since the Qing Dynasty,the goverment's disasters relief measure have become more and more complicated with respect to the goverments of the past.The way of relief has also been diversified.Whether it is disaster recovery or the diversification of relief in disaster situation and the reconstruction work after the disaster have made great progress.Civil relief as a supplementary force of offical relief,but aiso played an important role in the disaster relief activities.In particular,some local gentlemen in the disaster in the active positively,generous.And under the influnce of a variety of natural disasters,the local people in the dragon god river god eight wax faith also formed its own unique beliefs.