Influencing Factors And Comparative Studies Of Smog In Some Provinces And Cities In China

In the recent years, air quality issue has become one of the social problems. The large outbreak of haze is the consequence of economy developing with production and the consumption of resources. Haze weather conducts to air quality declined and the ecological environment broken, especially to the urban environment; haze also results in lower visibility, and higher probability of the urban traffic accident; in addition, it threatens the public's health and safety, because more bacteria and virus in the air will easily lead to various diseases, then gradually it becomes a new disaster. Meanwhile, the haze problem is a huge challenge that China must face in the process of industrialization.The generation of haze has certain seasonal cycle, mostly in late autumn and winter. It easily forms when large pollution emit primary aerosol and secondary aerosol precursor as well as under weather of high humidity and no wind.Apparently, one of the key factors that cannot be ignored of the formation of haze is sources of pollution, so the haze and the economic development is related.In order to explore the influencing factors and differences of haze between provinces, I choose Air quality index (AQI) as the quantitative indicators of haze, describing it with weather factors, energy consumption, urban development. The weather factors include temperature, rainfall and wind; Energy Sales includes coal, oil consumption and gas consumption; Urban development includes the proportion and urban population of covered area of construction in process, the second industry, and car ownership. Among them, the weather factor is the natural variables, energy consumption and urban development are artificial variables.This study adopts cluster analysis and global factor analysis to explore the influence factors of haze. I choose 25 provinces of China, and collect 25 months of relevant data between December 2013 and December 2013. Firstly, I make a statistical description of the 25 provinces and air quality index (AQI) of cities, in the traditional division of provinces and cities area, there exist certain differences between provinces, but there is a certain similarity in the Inter-Regional parts. Therefore, in order to reasonable zoning of 25 provinces, I use the k-means clustering method, classified according to the dynamic data of the provinces AQI, eventually all provinces and cities can be divided into three groups, and on the basis of the severity of the haze, respectively named severe area, moderate area and mild area. Among them, the severe area including Beijing, Hebei, Henan and Shandong; Moderate area including Anhui, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Zhejiang and Chongqing; Mild area including Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Shanghai and Yunnan. Then, using global factor analysis for every group, I get the regional common factor and the difference between them, the severe area is emphatically influenced by urban development factor (monthly oil consumption, monthly project under construction area, monthly car ownership and urban population),among them coal and gas is correlated with the second industry accounted; Moderate area is emphatically influenced by comprehensive urban development factor (monthly coal consumption, monthly oil consumption, monthly gas consumption, monthly covered area under construction, monthly car ownership, monthly urban population), and the second industry proportion separately has become a common factor; in Mild area, factor of economic development as the key common factor contains all variables except meteorological index.Based on the conclusion, in order to govern the haze, the policy needs to be implemented according to the characteristics of each group.Severe provinces and cities need to adopt the low emission and optimize urban development, as well as reduce the combination of the second industry proportion; Moderate provinces and cities adopt the low emission and optimize urban development, as well as upgrading the internal technology of the second industry to reduce the consumption of energy; Mild provinces need to adhere to keep as much as possible in the optimization of all economic activity with minor pollution.Features and innovation is mainly manifested in the following two aspects:first, the selection of variables and data frequency. Haze is a complex meteorological phenomena,which means selecting variables must concern the weather. And selecting data of monthly frequency, which is consistent with the cyclical features of haze, but some variables need self-define to get monthly data..Second, according to the dynamic data of AQI clustering analysis,I find the different level grouping of haze. With the grouping, I get the inter-group common factor, so I can make provincial comparison analysis.