Digital Processing And Application Of Surface Water In Xinjiang Topographic Maps In The 1930s

The surface water in arid areas is more short of than which is in eastern region,and it is more apparent affected by climate change.Global warming accelerate the water cycle in arid areas in the past more than half a century,evaporation increase of the surface water,Surface water is gradually reduced.The surface water area is oasis where humans production and living activities are frequent in arid areas.So the study of surface water in arid areas can not only discussed the change of surface water under the background of global climate change,but also have very important practical significance.The surface water change deeply affects the people's daily life who are in the oasis region.In this paper,we research the Xinjiang region as the study area which is the arid most widely distributed.Due to the Xinjiang modern gas logging record starting late,less data,geographical dispersion.especially the study of climate and surface water is almost blank before 1950s.In this paper,the research data base on a set of one over three hundred thousand topographic map of Xinjiang at 1935.We extract the graphic data of lakes and river system which can representate the surface water in Xinjiang.We study the evolution of the surface water combined with water plane data in 2000 in Xinjiang since 1935.Reconstruction of data including the Xinjiang region,and it is a wide range.Then we study the climate change through the evolution of the lake combined with the surface water data in Xinjiang since 1935,try to fill the blank of climate change and water research in a certain extent in Xinjiang.In this paper,we study the PDO influence on runoff in Xinjiang according to the reconstruction of the river runoff records.From the results of the study,the lake in Xinjiang is a wide range of contraction,but we need to see how the local region is.So we introduce the concept of 3 d terrain simulation.This is the first time 3 d terrain technology applied in study of history of the lake.It is a effective means to quantitative study lakes volume and water quality in historical period.Permission for data,we select the typical lake in Xinjiang Bosten lake to study the change of local lake in Xinjiang in the historical period.Lake is an important part of the surface water cycle and storage repositories in arid area of Xinjiang.The evolution of the lakes reflect the change of water resources in the basin.It is the most intuitive reflect of climate change in the surface,and it is the integrated embodiment of climate change and human activities on the regional water resources.The evolution of lakes is the most important part of the study of surface water in Xinjiang.The study found that the difference of the change of lake area is obvious in different regions in Xinjiang.The lakes in northern Xinjiang have small variations,the lakes in Tianshan mountains and the desert region of Tarim basin have large variation.The influence on middle and low latitude degree of the trend of global warming is bigger.Xinjiang had the mateorological observation records since 1950s,in order to study the historical climate background before 1950s,we need to use the reconstruction of the temperature and precipitation data through trees round data.We recover the geographical distribution of weather stations and trees round of sampling points that we can collected in Xinjiang.And we researched the correlation of temperature and precipitation of the mountain region and the plain region in Xinjiang.we show the temperature and precipitation background of nearly two hundred years through the climate sequence in large scales.We also inspected the mutations of river runoff on the nearly hundred years in Xinjaing in small scale.At the same time,we statistited the drought records during the period of the republic of China in Xinjiang.These studies indicated that,Xinjiang had rising temperature and precipitation reducing as a whole in the early 20th century,reflect on the surface of the earth is widespread atrophy of the lake,show that we rebuild the credibility of data.The evolution of the lakes and climate fluctuations can support each other.The mutation records of runoff in Xinjiang have consistency with the rivers in the less plateau,reflecting the climate background of wide area control.The traditional research focused on the north Atlantic oscillation and the arctic oscillation influence on rainfall and runoff in Xinjiang.This paper studied the north Pacific oscillation influenced on rivers based on the reconstruction of the river runoff data in Xinjiang.The study found that although xinjiang deep in the interior,the rivers can still be affected by the north Pacific.And this effect is positively correlated with the distance from the Pacific Ocean,the closer distance,the greater impact.Due to the evolution of the lakes in Xinjiang have regional differences,we chose a single study typical lake to study.The establishment of two time section 3 d data in 1935 and 2000.The purpose is to show more intuitive through the data,to explore the change in volume of Bosten lake since the 1930s.The study found that after the little ice age,the surface water had smaller area represented by Bosten lake,the "large lake area" may ended in the early 20th century.But since then the area and volume of lake has risen again.We can speculate that since the 1930s,the climate had a warming and wetting trend in the Bosten lake region,and reconstruction of the temperature of the precipitation data from surrounding areas,would also be able to support the claim.