| The Xinjiang Tianshan world natural heritage site is the first one and until now is also the only world natural heritage site in Xinjiang. The Tianchi in the Xinjiang Tianshan world natural heritage as the major part is a typical and representative 5A Class Ecological Scenic spot. The study on the Tianchi’s main scenic spots, its long-dwelling herdsmen surrounding the area, benefit safeguard of tourism development in this region, and sustainable development is of great significance on harmonious development in Xinjiang tourism and agricultural and pastoral areas.This paper, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literatures about ecological compensation, has carried out the field research on the ecological compensation of the Tianchi world natural heritage site in the Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang. With the increasing development of tourism, the paper finds that local long-dwelling herdsmen, according to the original grassland ranges and modes of production and life has formed two types of relocation settlement patterns: agricultural production type and tourism management type. Ecological compensation types can be divided into blood-transfusion ecological compensation with allowance of money and physical things as well as blood-making ecological compensation to explore the herdsmen’s own function according to different compensation effects. Specific compensation approaches present different characteristics according to different settlement patterns. The herdsmen based on agricultural and livestock production are mainly compensated by agriculture and livestock production; the herdsmen based on tourism are mainly compensated by tourism compensation.This paper collects and analyzes herdsmen’s perception data through SPSS19. According the statistical characteristics of the herdsmen, the paper classify the herdsmen in line with settlement patterns, age, annual income level and forbidden grazing acreage to study perception differences of kinds of herdsmen on the contents, benefits and modes of ecological compensation. The survey has found that the herdsmen think poorly of the current ecological compensation, such as too unified compensation standard, small amount of compensation, limited compensation continuity and effect, solely by blood-transfusion compensation of money and physical things, lack of blood-making mechanism; the delay in the compensation payment, insufficient transparency and openness on information policy, separated relationship between tourism and ecological compensation.This study suggests that the government should implement flexible compensation system adjusting the amount of compensation according to the price level or other relevant factors in a certain proportion to ensure the basic daily life herdsmen, to innovate and improve compensation policy, to make refinement graded and classified compensation standards,to improve the efficiency of government work, to increase the publicity of ecological compensation system, to guarantee livelihoods of herdsmen through the sustainable compensation in capital, technology, physical things and other aspects, to cultivate community blood-making mechanism by itself.The herdsmen should change the cognition on ecological compensation on them own and cannot regard compensation as the only sustainable source of income. Moreover, the government should encourage the herdsmen participate in comprehensive approaches like tourism exploration or independent undertaking to make them adapt to the new production and living environment, which can promote the healthy and harmonious development of social economy in pastoral areas. |
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