Research On Underwater Acoustic Ad Hoc Network Routing Algorithm Via Energy Equalization

With the strategic deployment of strong marine forces in China,the development,protection and use of the ocean is becoming more and more important.The underwater acoustic ad-hoc network plays a crucial role in collection of marine environmental data,exploration of mineral resources and transmission of marine information.Compared with the terrestrial wireless networks,underwater acoustic ad-hoc network still has a broad space for development.Because the underwater acoustic sensor nodes have limited energy and are hard to be replaced,also the signal propagation medium is different from the terrestrial wireless network,the land wireless network protocol can't be used directly by underwater acoustic ad-hoc network.Thus,this dissertation took underwater acoustic ad-hoc network as research object,focusing on the energy-based routing protocol algorithm in the network layer,using ant colony algorithm to improve the routing protocol algorithm,and achieving the purpose of node energy balance and network lifetime extension.The main research work of this dissertation is as follows:Firstly,a multi-hop topology energy consumption model of underwater acoustic communication network was established based on the characteristics of underwater acoustic communication network and underwater acoustic channels.Then,for the selected Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector(AODV),an energy warning value was introduced to improve it.Only when the energy of the node meets the warning value setting conditions,the node can be used as the next-hop node of the route.Through the simulation analysis of the four indicators,including the remaining energy of the node,the ratio of sending and receiving,the number of dead nodes and the time of survival,it was found that the AODV routing protocol based on energy improvement had higher residual energy,fewer dead nodes,and longer lifetime.However,this algorithm has poorer connectivity than the traditional AODV routing protocol.Based on this,an ant colony algorithm was introduced.When the information heuristic factor ? is 0.05 and the expected heuristic factor ? is 3.5,the improved protocol performs better in terms of energy balance and connectivity.In comparison with the AODV based on energy and under different energy warning values,the time when the first dead node appears was delayed by 67 to 136 seconds,the number of dead nodes decreased by 4 to 10 and the ratio of sending and receiving increased by 50.3% to 71.2% when the simulation time ended for improved AODV routing protocol based on ant colony algorithm.Finally,on the five-node network platform based on CC2538 wireless sensor,the routing algorithm was implemented with nesC language,which verified the routing and multi-hop functions of the network.At the same time,using Aqua-sim as a simulation platform,the performance of the three algorithms implemented was analyzed and compared.The simulation results show that the improved AODV routing protocol based on ant colony algorithm is superior to the energy AODV routing protocol and the traditional AODV routing protocol in balancing energy consumption,reducing the number of dead nodes,and extending the network lifetime.