Design And Analysis Of Secure Protocols Based On Oblivious Quantum Key Distribution

With the advent and rapid development of the Internet,the interaction of information had become more frequent.At the same time,the amount of information exchanged also was increasing rapidly.Furthermore,the security of information has become an urgent problem to be solved.How to ensure the security of information has become a hot topic.As an important way of ensuring information security,cryptography has naturally gained wide attentions.Location-based privacy protection is a key security technology,which arises with the rapidly development of mobile terminals,wireless communication technologies,and positioning technologies.It is an important way to provide a location-based service(LBS)query for a user and guarantee the communication security that ensures both the location privacy of the user and the database security of service provider(SP).Furthermore,as a kind of information security technology,blind signature can provide identity authentication and message authentication for the message owner and the signer,to protect the integrity,consistency and confidentiality of the message and prevent the forgery and denial during the transaction.Both LBS and blind signature are an integral part of modern cryptography,but classical security solutions are based on computational difficulties such as large integer factorization and discrete logarithm.With the improvement of the computing power,especially the emergence of quantum computers,the security of classical schemes will be seriously threatened.Quantum cryptography is an emerging interdisciplinary discipline created by the combination of modern cryptography and quantum mechanics.Its security is based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics such as Quantum non-cloning principle which guarantees unconditional security and eavesdropping detectability.Quantum Oblivious Key Distribution(OQKD),as one of the important and fundamental security techniques evolved in the development of quantum cryptography,is an asymmetric key distribution method,which can not only prevent the database owner from stealing the user privacy when the user queries,but also can ensure the database security and prevent the user from illegally stealing the database information.Following the research results of OQKD and combining the research fields of proxy blind signature and location privacy protection,we propose several secure protocols based on OQKD and give the security and efficiency analysis in detail.The main results are as follows:First,by the six-state quantum key distribution technology,a novel single photon-based six-state OQKD is proposed to reduce the costs of quantum states.Furthermore,combined with the requirements of existing electronic map-based service query and OQKD,a practical quantum solution to privacy-preserving k nearest neighbor query in Location-Based Services is proposed.The user Alice and the server Bob first agree that the whole query range is uniformly partitioned into lots of grids and accordingly give a way of numbering the grids.The granularity of the grids is determined by the query precision.Then,Alice and Bob establish an oblivious key through an OQKD protocol.Alice uses a random permutation matrix to associate the decrypted key with the area she wants to query,and Bob also uses the random permutation matrix to transform his key.Finally,Bob uses his transformed keys to encrypt the database,and in turn Alice uses her transformed key to decrypt the k nearest neighbor query service.Our protocol has the higher security,because the security of our protocol is based on basic physical principles of quantum mechanics,instead of difficulty assumptions.Especially,our protocol takes single photons as quantum resources and only needs to perform single-photon project measurements.Therefore,it is feasible to implement it with the present technologies.Secondly,by the actual demand of inter-bank electronic payment in the real life,an efficient quantum double sequential blind signature protocol based on OQKD is proposed.The message owner computes the Hash value of a classical message to be signed and encodes the value as a quantum message.The encoded quantum messages are divided into two parts equally,and they are sent to two signatures respectively.The signer and the message owner build the oblivious sharing information to implement the signature by using OQKD.The proposed protocol does not require the preparation of any entanglement resource,and it only needs to perform single-particle projective measurements,which can be easily implemented under the present technology conditions.Compared with the existing double blind signature protocols,the complexity of the proposed protocol is reduced obviously,and in turn its efficiency is improved significantly.Finally,we analyze and summarize the key problems of the existing OQKD protocols,and determine the future research directions and research goals.