The Approach Of BeiDou-? Navigation Message Authentication

Civilian navigation signals provided by Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) are broadcast without encrypted over the world according to an open standard. The virtues of openness have made civilian navigation a huge success, but the transparency, predictability and lack of authentication make civil GNSS signals vulnerable to spoofing attacks. A spoofer deliberately broadcasts a forged navigation signal which is similar to authentic navigation signal to manipulate a victim receiver to report the false position and time. And what's worse, it is usually undetected by the victim receiver which makes greater risks for its hidden character. The civil satellite navigation has been widely used in critical national infrastructure and safety-of-life filed, so spoofing attacks have great security threats.Based on the analysis of potential safety hazard and system vulnerabilities in civilian navigation signals transmission, the BeiDou-? navigation message authentication(NMA) scheme is proposed in the paper. This scheme inserts a public-key digital signature into the reserved bits of civil navigation message D1 by use of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA) technology. The inserted signature can provide verification of integrity and authenticity of the navigation data to resist spoofing attacks such as entities disguising and data tampering. The effectiveness of this scheme is proved by the simulation. Experimental results indicate that the scheme can meet the needs of navigation message authentication and can improve the civil navigation system's resistance ability of spoofing attacks effectively.