Longitudinally Irregular Open Dielectric Waveguides

Data transmission over optical fiber technology in associated with many diverse and little-known physical phenomena as well as practical and economic constraints. Currently, the world contains a few hundred million kilometers of optical fiber communication lines. About 90% of these lines are standard single- mode fibers. With intensive development of WDM systems, a new type of fibers has gained attention�non-zero dispersion shifted(N ZDS).Single-mode optical fibers are used in intercontinental communication lines and other long-haul routes which require an extremely high quality of transmittion(eg, bank transfer). Therefore, the study of the propagation of electromagnetic fields in open guiding structures whose parameters are changed in the longitudinal and transverse directions is very important.The first section deals with general information and scientific developments in the field of open dielectric waveguides.The second section describes four-layer optical fibers with coaxial dielectric layers, one of them is broken for a corner coordinate conductive area. The presence of partial metallization of one of the layers makes the field guiding structure hybrid. Partial metallization prohibits the existence of symmetrical waves. As a result, the wave guiding structures describe the longitudinal components of both Hertz vectors that satisfy the Helmholtz equation in cylindrical coordinates.The third section presents the results of the symmetrical dispersion properties study of type in a circular dielectric waveguide with a periodically varying refractive index along the axis. The dispersion equation is compiled using the Galerkin method and the method of partial domains. In solving the dispersion equation applies an iterative process. The proposed method dispersion characteristics calculating of the fiber wave with periodically varying refractive index along the axis is strictly applicable for symmetric waves of magnetic type. However, with this calculation can set the general physical laws of wave propagation in a periodically irregular fiber, which also are useful for symmetric waves of type E, and hybrid waves.The influence of the longitudinal stress on the transmission characteristics of an open dielectric waveguide most also be considered. The problem is formulated and solved on the basis of the theory of photoelasticity. According to this theory, when in the equations of Maxwell used relationship between the electric field and the e lectric induction in tensor form, then in dielectric medium can propagate not one, but two waves with the same wave normal. It is shown that under the influence of mechanical tensile stress initially isotropic glass turns into a uniaxial crystal with the optical axis parallel to the direction of prestressing force. Also it should be noted that the refractive indices in the other two orthogonal directions do not remain constant. This effect was observed even when the simplification introduced in which Young's modulus is a number, not a tensor. It was the dependence of the fundamental wave deceleration rate of the strain on the working wavelength l=1310 nm. This dependence is virtually linear which gives the possibility to use the stretched fiber sensor as sensors for various purposes.In the fourth section, the standart single-mode fiber and the effects of factors that reduce productivity were considered.The work made the calculations and conclusions for each section also provides reference data most frequently used factors necessary for the calculation of open dielectric waveguides.