Research On The Application Of P.E. Teaching Cases

The term“Anli”?case?is interpreted as investigating or examining in the“Cihai”dictionary.The first character“An”means to examine and the second“Li”means examples.In genenral,“case”refers to some typical example when one's a certain aspect^[1].Cases of teaching is one branch of case study,which can be divided into teaching design cases and teaching reflection cases.The former case,designed before teaching,is the matarial discussed by teachers and students;While the latter one is ture record of valuable teaching case,which can be investigated deeply after teaching and used as typical example.The case of physical education discussed in this paper is a typical teaching reflection case which is objective description and analytical summary written by P.E.teachers under certain circumstances especially after they encounter typical educational incidents?these descriptions are mostly question-oriented due to P.E.teachers'own involvement in these incidents?.These cases not solely describe the teaching behavior,but also describe the thoughts and feelings accompanied.Thus,they reflect teachers'contradiction,confusion and shining points during their teaching life.In this study,the application of P.E.teaching cases refers to the practical application of P.E.teaching cases,which is writing P.E.teaching cases.As a method of P.E.teaching reflection,the application of P.E.teaching cases has several features.It not solely provides material worth analyzing and consulting for other P.E.teacher,but also lays theoretial foundation for teaching theory.It is the seed to stimulate critical reflection of P.E.teachers and the catalyst and booster of P.E.teachers'career growth.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to provide a new teaching reflection method for P.E.teachers that is to how to apply P.E.teaching cases into teaching reflection.In order to improve the teaching reflection ability of P.E.teachers and promote the professional development of P.E.teachers.This study includes but not limited to these research methods as follows:reference method,investigative method,single-case study method,comparative analysis method,mathematical statistics method.After researching and analyzing a large number of documents on teaching cases,the author summarizes the theoretical knowledge of P.E.teaching cases,and develops a questionnaire for teachers.376 P.E.teachers from primary and secondary schools in five districts of Shijiazhuang as the investigation object,the author focuses on the understanding of P.E.teaching case and its application to investigate existing problems,and thus constructs the structure of P.E.teaching case based on the theory and reality,and sums up the ideas of the application of P.E.teaching case.In order to verify the feasibility of this approach,the author follows a total of 8 P.E.teachers from the Twenty-fifth Middle School in Shijiazhuang as the case study interviewees.With this study being conducted,the following conclusions are drawn:?1?Existing problems of the applicationDuring their studying,working and training process,P.E.teachers seldom learn the theoretical knowledge of P.E.teaching cases.Most of P.E.teachers lack basic understanding of its notion,function,etc.,except only a few P.E.teachers obtained with a rather clear understanding of P.E.teaching cases.Teaching reflection methods of most P.E.teachers are relatively single and weak.Most teachers implement sole observation reflection method.The reason why P.E.teachers are unable to implement P.E.teaching cases as teaching reflection method is their lack of knowledge on structure of related materials.?2?The basis of applicationAccording to the practical and theoretical basis,the structure of P.E.teaching case is constructed,which includes eight parts:case title,goal,background,process,analysis,revelation,discussion and appendix.This structure is a relatively steady structure of P.E.teaching cases,and thus lay the foundation of the application of P.E.teaching cases.?3?The process of applicationThe application process of P.E.teaching cases includes two parts:the application idea and its practical process.The former one explains the application ideas of P.E.teaching cases in theory,including clarifying the structure and content of P.E.teaching cases,the application principles,application methods,application precautions and practical application of writing.As for the latter one,the practical process takes 8 P.E.teachers from the Twenty-fifth Middle School in Shijiazhuang as the case objects,and lasts for 8 weeks.The process is mainly discussing how to use P.E.teaching case for teaching reflection with the interviewees.?4?Application resultsIn order to verify the feasibility of the application of P.E.teaching cases,on the one hand,the author conduct single-case study which includes cross analysis ofP.E.teaching cases with after-class summary from the aspect of structure and on the other hand,the author understands the feasibility of the application of PE teaching cases subjectively through interviews with some PE teachers.The final results are as follows:in terms of structure and content,the P.E.teaching cases are with more concrete structure and content.In terms of the interviews,PE teachers consider that they all have learned how to use P.E cases for reaching reflection and improge their ability for self-reflection.Therefore,the application of PE teaching cases is more reasonable and feasible to comply.?5?Research limitationsThere are certain shortcomings in this study.Objectively speaking,current references are relatively rare.Subjectively speaking,the author's knowledge and ability are limited,and the research is not deep enough,especially the research on the application of P.E.teaching cases.Concrete analysis should be carried out from many aspects in order to deepen the research result.In addition,limited survey samples also lead to narrow coverage which may result in certain erros in the questionnaire.