Retrospection And Reflection On China's Higher Education Reform In The Past 20 Years(1995-2015)

In 1990 s,China has taken the construction of building a strong nation of higher education as an important national strategic objectives and tasks.Since then,China has issued major reform measures such as "211 Project","985 Project","2011 Collaborative Innovation Program" and "First-class University and First-class Discipline Construction".These reform measures have led China's higher education transform from the extension to the connotation,from the scale to the quality.It is an indisputable fact that China's higher education has made great achievements in a very short period of time.These achievements include a major shift in the school's ideology,and the quality of higher education is constantly improving.However,due to the influence of the environment and other factors in China 's real system,the development of higher education led by the national strategic traction inevitably has some practical problems.The implementation of these four reform initiatives,and the problems during the reform are worthy of in-depth study.From the perspective of history,this study takes the four major reform measures in the construction of higher education in China over the past two decades as the object.These four reform initiatives include "211 Project","985 Project","2011 Collaborative Innovation Program" and "First-class University and First-class Discipline Construction".This study focusing on the implementation of these four reform initiatives and construction effectiveness.On the basis of the historical investigation,this paper concludes that the reformation of China's higher education has distinct characteristics of hierarchical,phased and dominant.On the basis of reviewing and summarizing the four major reform measures,this study concludes that there are some problems that can not be ignored in the reformation of China's higher education.These problems are mainly manifested in three aspects.First,the state dominates and administrative power offside in the dislocation of the logic of university operation.Second,the university functions,which include personnel training,scientific research,social services,cultural heritage and innovation,are uncoordinated.Third,the university are lack of their own characteristics,specifically in university orientation,disciplinary development,and talent training model.In view of the existing problems,this study puts forward the strategic thinking of the reformation of China's higher education.First,we should follow the inherent logic of university development.We should adhere to the unity of academic power and administrative power as well as the government control and university autonomy.Second,we should insist on the coordinated development of university functions,which include personnel training,scientific research,social services,cultural heritage and innovation.Third,we should build the university's own characteristics in clearing their own positioning,developing the characteristics of disciplines and cultivating talented people.