Study On Taiwan's Party Institutional Change From The Perspective Of Historical Institution Theory

The political system is an important research object in the field of political science. Taiwan's political party system has experienced the evolution from one party system to the multi-party system, and then develop to the two party system. In this paper, we use the historical institutional theory to analyze the political system in Taiwan, in order to discover that why the change happened, how the change is happening, and what impact has it produced, as well as the future direction of the party system.From the perspective of historical institution, we analyzes the change of the party system from the three aspects, which are historical environment, social construction and the actors' struggling:Firstly, from the perspective of historical environment, on the one hand, the Continental Power made a great success in international diplomacy, and it changed its policy to be peaceful on Taiwan, Taiwan authorities' policy is becoming outdated, including "martial law", "mobilization system of suppressing a rebellion", and "Anti-communist Zionist ".On the other hand, the United States of America has adjusted its policy, and urge Taiwan to promote the democratization process. And it was a time when the world's third wave of democratization, as Taiwan's neighboring Philippines, South Korea and other countries are in the progress of political reform.So, the Taiwan authorities is under the great pressure of the external environment.Secondly, the social structure of Taiwan also quietly occur a series of change. Middle class was quickly rising under the economic development, provincial conflicts intensified, the concept of democracy and freedom were widely spread. Series of changes challenged the original party system, making institutional supply and demand resulting in a serious imbalance. Finally, with the struggling of the outside forces, as well as the Kuomintang political elite' choice, they finally lifting the martial law, abolished the "mobilization period of suppressing a rebellion of the temporary provisions", opening the party ban, and finally make the transition from one party autocracy to the multiparty system.Since then, with the development of the political party competition, as well as the "constitutional reform" was carrying out, the small party increasingly bubble, and multi-party politics gradually evolved to the two party system.Historical institutionalism argues that the system can shape interests and preferences of actors. The change of the political system of Taiwan has brought a series of social influence, the most important is to promote the political communication and the interest of the people in Taiwan, and give a systematic platform for different social groups with political participation.At the same time, because of the existence of the opposition party, the ruling party is under the effective supervision.On the other side, because of the special history and political party system, it also caused the phenomenon of the election flood, vicious competition, and the political confrontation which led to a social division, and caused a lot of negative impact.Finally, by using the path dependence theory, we analyzes the current electoral system in Taiwan as well as the voter structure, and argues that Taiwan's political party system will evolve to the two party system, and the political parties in order to meet the needs of most people in the middle, their party ideas will also gradually closer to the middle.