The Study On Handwriting Of Low-level Written Pledge Identification

Research on handwriting of low-level written pledge has its disadvantages. The main performance is as follows: The theory about the definition, its characteristics, matters should be attended during identification and the conclusion are not being studied thoroughly, which may leads to difficulties in defining, description of characteristics, specimen collection and the problem about high rate of uncertain appraisal views. Apart from the imperfect theory, detail data and cases which are important in empirical are also insufficient. In this paper, many representative examples and cases which related to handwriting of low-level written pledge have been collected. In order to do the empirical research about handwriting of low-level written pledge, methods of observation, comparative analysis, and data statistics are widely used.This paper consists of four parts with more than 40000 words. The main parts of this paper are the second part and the forth part.In the first part, definition about handwriting of low-level written has been specifically discussed. The former part of this section starts with describing theories about "low-level handwriting" and "written pledge", including the definition of writing level about its concept, the relative evaluation standards, the similarities and differences between "writing level" and "proficiency of writing", composition characteristics of low-level writing habits and relative questions about written pledge. The latter part of this section describes research status and significances in handwriting of low-level written pledge. What I want to emphasize in this part is that with the development of electronic technology and electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones and so on, the positive correlation between writing level and education degree falls into decline. This tendency means that there will be a growing number of low-level handwriting in the future. Due to this fact, only we study it deeply can the theory of writing identification become more and more perfect.The second part is statistical analysis and also describes the characteristics about the handwriting of low-level written pledge, which is the main part of this paper. This part has five major points. To begin with, because of the empirical research, I compare different samples of low-level handwritings, which were written by university students and laid-off workers of a lighting lamps factory. These samples are analyzed from two aspects which are the writing pace and the education level of writers. By doing so, we can conclude the signs of writing features about low-level handwriting which is written in different writing speed and by different education levels of writers. From the second part to the forth part, I give my thorough elaboration on features about this type of writing in three aspects, general writing features, detail writing features and text layout features. To be more specific, general writing features mainly contains chirography, the size of words, pen pressure, etc. When it comes to the detail writing features, they mainly contains words praise, order of strokes, collocation proportion and style, etc. The fifth point describes features of Arabic numerals in some detail. Summarized on the basis of above content, with the encountered representative cases in the Judicial Expertise Center and collected low-level writing specimen, I come up with the signs of writing features about the handwriting of low-level written pledge. I do wish this part can provide some valuable suggestion in the science of judicial expertise.As to the third part, its main content is analysis of similarities and differences between handwriting of low-level written pledge and other familiar but confusable types of handwritings. In plain terms, these types of handwriting are handwriting of decreased-writing-level deliberately, pupils' handwriting, the elderly handwriting and moderately intoxicated handwriting. After that, with the purpose of providing some scientific advice to handwriting identification, I explained both the cause reasons and essences about these similarities and differences.The last part is the second key chapter of this paper. In this part, identification methods and key points about handwriting of low-level written pledge are discussed deeply and broadly. Combined with handwriting identification cases and practical experience, studies are as follows: To start with, there are basic requirements about both handwriting evidence materials and specimen, analysis in all types of handwriting evidence materials, and conclusions of specimen about frequently asked questions which are widely exists in practical procedures. Then, it describes conditions and basis which needed in appraisement opinion of low-level handwriting identification. Finally, the problem about uncertain appraisement opinion has aroused general concern. Honest speaking, this type of opinion becomes more and more common that we cannot ignore it in the practice of identification, especially in identification about handwriting of low-level written pledge. When it comes to the causes of this phenomenon, I think there are four major causes which are subjects of identification, objects of identification, the theory about the most similar objects cannot be ruled out and Chinese judicial environment. Apart from that, I acknowledged that this form of opinion has some conflicts with the current rules of evidence, but to some extent, it also has objectivity, validity and cognation. In order to solve this problem, I put up with some methods on how to decrease the number of uncertain appraisement opinion and I do wish it will work well in the future.