From Criticism To Constructiveness

This article studies the transformation of Habermas' publicity thought from criticism to constructiveness.Criticism refers to the ideology criticism of publicity,it is used in two senses.On the one hand,Habermas regarded the publicity based on communicative reason as an ideal idea that gave birth to the spirit of enlightenment,such as freedom and equality.on the other hand,the first generation of the Frankfurt school representative,Adorno and Horkheimer regarded the human rationality as the instrumental reason,they also criticized and denied the instrumental reason and the consequences of it.Affected by this,the young Habermas also regards publicity directly as the concept of ideology.It can even be said that he directly regards publicity as a manifestation of instrumental reason,he also criticized the role of ideology about the publicity was manipulated by instrumental reason.Habermas's influence on the theoretical and real environment,and then he turns to the systematic construction of the publicity theory.On a theoretical level,Linguistic Philosophy and American Pragmatism allowed him to see the possibility of theoretically reconstructing of publicity.Peirce,Mead,Wittgenstein,and Austin both criticized the philosophy of consciousness,Habermas agreed with their criticism of Subject-object dichotomy and replaced the "subjectivity" paradigm with the paradigm of "intersubjectivity." On a practical level,the German liberal democracy was successfully established after the Second World War,this gives him confidence about the ability of publicity can to play a role in reality.Constructivism is embodied in Habermas established the theory of communicative action by analyzing rationally of human reason on the linguistic level,then the theoretical basis for publicity was reconstructed.And by elaborating the discourse ethics and discourse democracy,the publicity can be implemented in reality.Finally,the article concludes that the analysis and rescue of rationality is the logical starting point of Habermas' public thought,and communicative reason is the logical point through it.