Research On Moral Problems In Social Transformation Period In China

China has rapidly entered a period of social transformation since its reform and opening up,but it has not yet been finalized.The rapid economic development,the dynamic transformation of social structure and the fierce impact of foreign culture have all brought new challenges in the field of social ethics and morality.Although China's current ethical and moral building has greatly improved compared with the past,there is no denying that many problems still exist.This paper takes the moral issues in China's social transition as the main theme,Marxist historical materialism as the research standpoint and the dual construction of virtue ethics and normative ethics as the main points of view,comprehensively uses the multidisciplinary thought resources and research methods of philosophy,sociology,ethics,etc.,and attempts to provide a path of exploration for solving the dilemma of moral problems in the transitional period of society.Centering on the research on the moral issues of China in the social transitional period,this paper firstly carries out academic combing and idea clarification on related core concepts.“Morality” is the sum of the behavioral norms and quality norms that people consciously abide by in the process of social development.It is promoted by public opinions and inherent individual beliefs.It uses “good” and “evil” as evaluation words to deal with the relationships between people and nature,people and people,and people and society.Morality has four functions: regulation,cognition,education,and evaluation.Given the prerequisite that China will maintain its socialist system,in the “social transitional period”,the Chinese people under the correct leadership of the CPC will actively make important changes in the economic,political,cultural,social,and ecological aspects of the social systems and mechanisms for a fundamental change in social life.However,this change is by no means a fundamental change in the socialist system but a self-improvement and self-development of the basic form of our country's socialist society.The performance of China's social transitional period is embodied in the transition of the production mode-from the mode of agricultural production to the mode of industrial production;the transformation of life style-from the acquaintance society to the stranger society;the transformation of values-from morality supremacy to utilitarianism supremacy.With social development and transformation,the level of social civilization in China is gradually increasing.For example,modern citizenship now has a greater degree of awakening than in the traditional society.However,proceeding from problem consciousness,it cannot cover up the fact that China's economic and social development will also change people's thinking patterns cultivated under the former economic system,and the consensus-based new ethics have not yet formed.In order to reflect on reality,detect problems and boost development,this paper further clarifies the current state of moral issues in China's social transition.For example,moral hypocrisy occurs from time to time,including both unconscious moral hypocrisy and conscious moral hypocrisy;moral suspicion is widespread,which is particularly prone to fall into the mire of moral relativism;moral indifference is frequently found,which is manifested as lack of moral sensitivity,avoidance of moral judgments,inaction in the face of choosing moral behaviors,etc.The reasons for the emergence of various ethical issues during the social transitional period in our country are complex.From the economic point of view,it is mainly due to the fact that the “moral person” image is not applicable to the new social environment in the context of economic globalization,and the “economic man” image in line with the social development trend has slipped into the “materialized person” in the wrong direction;from the political perspective,it is mainly due to the fact that some ruling officials' official morals need to be improved,and the entire society's power supervision system needs to be strengthened;in terms of cultural point of view,it mainly comes from the impact of foreign culture and the decline of moral norms in its own traditional culture;regarding the social point of view,the emergence of the strangers' society and the rebirth of the online world have reduced the cost of moral violations in society;as for the ecological perspective,the establishment of the erroneous values of the “absolute anthropocentrism” has also led to a mismatch in the proper ethical relationship between people and nature.This paper holds that we can solve the social moral dilemma from two aspects: virtue ethics construction and normative ethics construction.Virtue ethics emphasizes the moral qualities of moral individuals,and is characterized by internality,self-discipline,and transcendence.To this end,we must focus on cultivating moral cognition,discriminating moral judgment,strengthening moral action,and enhancing moral willpower to improve the moral standards of moral subjects through moral ethics construction.The normative ethics puts stress on the normative forms of institutions,norms,standards,principles,etc.as behavior guides and considers them as the source of moral values.Therefore,it emphasizes the importance of external constraints and “heteronomy” even more.From the perspective of the normative and ethical construction,we need to take the socialist core values as the guide and gather social moral consensus,take the socialist institutional ethics as the starting point and build the ethical framework of the social system,and take the socialist legal construction as the guarantee and stick to the ethical bottom line of society.Moral ethics and normative ethics have their own emphasis on the research standpoint,but in real life,both of them are interdependent and difficult to separate from each other.To solve the problem of morality in China's social transition,we must also pay attention to their mutual promotion and make them evolve shoulder to shoulder.