A Study On The “Court Sealed Money And Material” Of The Song Dynasty

The "Court sealed money and material" of the Song Dynasty was the money and material that was reserved for the purpose of managing the new income of Wang an-shi 's reform and the realization of the "rich country".It is inherited in the early Northern Song Dynasty "sealed money and material" system and the formation of independent of the "government budget funds" special money and materials,it exists as part of the financial reserves,and the right to use the money and material was in the emperor and the prime minister hand.The emergence of the "Court sealed money and material" in the Song Dynasty has a special background of the times: in the later period of Song Ren-zong has formed a shortage of central finance,and there are many problems in the financial management and the need to manage the new income of Wang An-shi 's reform,all of this have become the historical background of the emergence of the "Court sealed money and material".In the source of "Court sealed money and material",the Northern Song Dynasty was mainly rely on the new income of Wang an-shi 's measures,while the Southern Song Dynasty is mainly dependent on the government of tea,salt,alum and other commodities monopoly income.In the "Court sealed money and material" expenditure and use,the same point is that the supply of munitions is the main expenditure of the South and North Songs,the difference is that the Northern Song Dynasty "Court sealed money and material" is used for government budget expenditure,while the Southern Song Dynasty is more for the royal family and relief disaster.In order to better manage the "Court sealed" money and protect the central control of the "Court sealed money and material",the Song Dynasty central government has developed a detailed and complex regulatory system,involving the "Court sealed money and material" reminders,storage,support,and accounts to build,declare,examine and so on many aspects.The officials of the Song Dynasty bureaucrats had different evaluations of "Court sealed",both positive and negative,but on the whole,most people held negative negative attitudes.On the whole,there are many unpredictable factors in the budget of the Song Dynasty,such as the threat of enemy countries,natural disasters and other sudden events.It is necessary to reserve a certain amount of money and items as the fiscal reserves,which is also reasonable for the existence of "Court sealed" Nature and necessity.A large number of "Court sealed" frequently used to supply military supplies,reward soldiers,disaster relief,to solve the government budget deficit,play a financial emergency role,to a certain extent,delayed the rise in the level of fiscal expenditure in the Song Dynasty inertia,Increase the tax situation.This plays an important role in maintaining social stability and extending the time of the Song dynasty.However,the existence of "Court sealed" has brought about many adverse effects on the financial operation of the Song Dynasty: "Court sealed" has a close relationship with the market,resulting in instability in the source of of "Court sealed";excessive savings and items,resulting in the fiscal deficit of the central government and local government;"Court sealed" appears to make the central financial power is further divided,this management model and "Court sealed" strict regulatory system,resulting in poor communication between the financial management agencies and bring a lot of inconvenience to the Song Dynasty financial operation.The adverse effects of the above and the "Court sealed money and material" in the Southern Song Dynasty were frequently transferred to the emperor's treasury and the non-public financial expenses such as "royal consumption",which became the reason why the scholars of the Song Dynasty had criticized the "Court sealed".