The Analysis Of Late Ch’ing Government’s Foreign Policy Decision Model

The Ch’ing government,which was drawn into the system of modern international relations because of the failure of second opium wars,began to break through the barrier of traditional thoughts,and to accept the modern Western political and diplomatic thoughts,in the same time,it entered into the process of Chinese diplomacy modernization.Since the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established in 1861,the first minister to a foreign country named Guo Songtao was appointed in1876,China took a crucial step of diplomatic history.In the consular establishment processes,the Ch’ing government had negotiated with settlement colony,Since the Ch’ing government set up its consulates in Singapore,Penang,Yangon,Manila and other places in Southeast Asia in 1877.As a result,this paper will analysis the processes of Ch’ing government’s establishment of its consulates in the British colonies(including the British Straits colonies and British Myanmar),the Dutch colonies,the Philippines,the Siam and the French colonies.During the process of set-up of consular in late Ch’ing government,its diplomatic decision model is mainly a personal decision mechanism,which rulers are as the main decision makers and they make their choice and arrangement based on foreign institutions job,which concludes information collection at the early stage of the decisionmaking or initially setting of decision scheme,performed by the rulers to choose and then arrange.Basing an analysis of the and decision-making process by late Ch’ing government,the conclusion can be that the establishment of the Ch’ing government in Southeast Asia can be divided into two cases,one is for the direct purpose,which concludes 3 level decision model(Setting,decision making,decision execution),another one is attached to other international treaties and the consular process follows two layers of decision model——from the treaty(information feedback-aim-treaty negotiations-negotiations decision)to consular establishment(information feedback – decisions making-decision execution).But as the appearance and development of specialized foreign institutions,professional foreign minister,the foreign ministry and other agencies have higher autonomy.In the process of consular establishment,foreign institutions provide preliminary scheme which are the basement of rulers decision-making and put them into implementation.