The Research Of "The Constitution Of Hao Xian" Of Qian Long

“Hao Xian” is a kind of additional tax of feudal government.At first,Chinese feudal taxes is Give priority to physical collection.Local officials in order to gain more tax,Make an excuse: Grain in The process of transition will be depletion,And Human cost is high.So,Hao Xian is come out.In the late feudal society,With the development of commodity economy,Taxes is Give priority to silver,Replace physical.People pay taxes for the scattered pieces of silver,Deposited in the Treasury must ground silver smelting with a certain specifications of the pieces of silver,.In the process of smelting,There is a lot depletion.The additional taxes for such loss said "Hao Xian".Hao Xian got common is after the policy of single tax in silver.In the Ming Dynasty.Given the painful lessons of the Ming Dynasty.Qing Dynasty pay more attention to financial reform.Yongzheng "Huo Hao Gui Gong" is the most strongest the Qing reform.It is based on the man bureaucracy,And strengthen the autocratic centralization.After the reform,The provincial officials get a power to charge certain proportion of Huo Hao as additional tax.In this way,Provincial officials got ample Yang Lian Yin,It is abolished that provincial officials make a living by exploiting the people,Corruption and bribery.Improve the self-discipline of officials,Eliminated officials to corruption.Huo Hao retained local funding is good to local engineering construction,Make a long-term planning to Protect local public construction,And has adequate sources of income.At the same time,Local complement solved the financial problems.As a fiscal system reform of Qing Dynasty,Huo Hao Gui Gong had huge influence to old fiscal system,Changed the Qing local fiscal mechanism original model completely.After Huo Hao Gui Gong,Huo Hao got into provinces,Deposit will be levied to HuoHao provinces Francisco library,A new pattern of unified control system is come out.However,The reform of Huo Hao Gui Gong did not form a strict financial management system,As a solution to the local temporary remedial measures,Lack of relevant institutional to checks and supervise.And the provincial governors have a huge power on collection and use Huo Hao.Yongzheng period,There are all kinds of corruption cases emerge such as forged Hao Xian list.The Yongzheng emperor make a new strategy.Yongzheng thirteen years,Inventory and verification HuoHao of all provinces.Qianlong continue the reform,Qianlong five years,Began to set the HaoXian articles of association,The Qianlong thirteen years,Launched to the national formally.The articles of association of Hao Xian is become a national system.The central government setting clear rules and regulations to control.At this point,A centralized system is achieved.