A Study On The Relationship Between Official Clans And Grass-roots Society Of Central Shandong Area In Ming And Qing Dynasties

In the Ming and Qing dynasties,Central Shandong Area appeared many local or nationwide official clans.Most of them started with the imperial examination,attaches great importance to the the family’s culture construction and the cultivation of their descendants,keen on national construction and local public welfare undertakings.In the academic circles,the study of the official clan is mainly focused on a historical period,or a case study of a certain official clan,and the study of the relationship between the clan and the grass-roots society in the Ming and Qing dynasties is very few.This paper aims to sort out the representative official clans of Central Shandong Area in the Ming and Qing dynasties,analyses its relationship with the grass-roots society,and then make a historical position from their contribution and the cultural heritage.This paper consists of four chapters:The first chapter mainly summarizes the geographical environment and humanistic style of Central Shandong Area.First of all,to sort out the administrative region of Central Shandong Area since ancient times and defined their boundaries.Secondly,combined with the county of Central Shandong Area,to sum up its mountains and rivers,lakes,natural disasters,to understand the unique natural situation in the region.Finally,to sort out the cultural situation of the Central Shandong Area since ancient times and understand the cultural background of the birth of official clans.The second chapter mainly summarizes the official clans in Ming and Qing dynasties.A number of official clans living in the area during the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the Ming dynasty,the representative clans are the Zhang Yandeng clan in Zouping and the Xu Yizhen clan in Changshan.Across the two dynasties of Ming and Qing,the representative clans are the Wang Shizhen clan in Xincheng,the Jiao Xinclan in Zhangqiu,the Bi Zi Yan clan in Zichuan,the Sun Ting Quan clan in Yidu,the Zhao Jin Mei clan in Boshan,the Feng Qi clan in Linqu,the Gong Nai clan in Mengyin.In the Qing dynasty,the representative clans are the Zhu Hong Zuo clan in Licheng and the Huang En Tong clan in Ningyang.These official clans are different in prosperous time or popularity,but have closely link with each other in intermarriage,intercommunication,mutual assistance and so on.On intermarriage,official clans stress suitable between each other,attach great importance to the local marriage,and to deepen the connection between the two family to keep generation marriage,thus forming a huge network of marriage.At the same time,family women play an important role in the development of the clan,so the intermarriage will also consider the marriage quality situation on both sides.On intercommunication,some official clans have its special rules in its norms.They intercommunication with other family members are often due to intermarriage,fellow,the same year,official travel,and through travel to grow their own literary style.On mutual assistance,both within the clan members include mutual assistance,but also between the clan with each other of mutual assistance.Because the clan is a community of interests in political,the cooperation in economic,cultural and other aspects is inevitable.The third chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between the official clans and the grass-roots society in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The official clans and the grass-roots society influence with each other,and the official clan members use their authority intervention local regime,many points became the local government policy.They became the actual transaction,played an irreplaceable role in grass-roots society.It is because of the close relationship between the official clan and the state power,so whether it is in peace time or in a state of war,its value choice will first stand on the side of the ruling class,even in the face of the dynasty turnover between the Ming and Qing is also true.Official clan produced in grass-roots society,its members to his hometown with deep feelings,so the development and change of the home is closely connected with them.They use their own advantages,and actively participate in the local political,economic,cultural,military,public welfare and other aspects of construction,for local social development and progress has made importantcontributions.The fourth chapter mainly to establish the official clans’ position in the history on the basis of combing the relationship between the official clans and the grass-roots society in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The official clan has outstanding contribution to grass-roots society,and left behind many cultural heritage such as family style or home culture.However,the official clan,after all,belong to the feudal ruling class,the ruling class and the ruled class can not be reconciled.when carries on the historical position,it should be fully considered.To sum up,there were large number official clans exist in Central Shandong Area in the Ming and qing dynasty,and its generation and development was deeply influenced by the unique natural and human environment.The interaction between the official clans and the grass-roots society has overall promoted the development of local society,and have great significance to today’s Chinese new countryside construction and socialistic harmonious society construction.