The Research On The Shandong Business Group During Ming And Qing Dynasties

Lushang(Shandong business group)was an business group organization based on the Shandong region as the center,with kinship,geography,industry as a link,to engage in business activities through the hall,the association,the Chamber of Commerce and other organizations.During Ming and Qing Dynasties,the general improvement of social productive forces and the rapid development of commodity economy were the material basis and root cause of the rise and development of Shandong business group.The various sectors of society to deal with the businessmen and business gradually changing,which promoted the development and formation of business.And the development of the city in Qi and Lu,promoting the domestic business exchanges and the expansion of businessmen.The most representative Zhangqiu old army Meng's "Xiang" shops.Shandong has superior location,convenient transportation and rich products.Almost every kind of property processing could produce a kind of industry.These industries were based on farming,mostly in the form of a family handicraft production and the circulation was done by the merchant.Shandong business group engaged in the transfer of distribution,covering almost all walks of life in Shandong.Its scope of activities was far beyond the local small market,into the regional market and national market.In the province,the western canal and the eastern coastal areas were important areas of Lushang activities.Many inland towns were also an important market for Lushang.In the province,Kanto,Beijing and Tianjin,Yan Zhao and Jiangnan area hsd Lushang active figure.Lushang according to the business location and scope of business,mainly divided into long-distance business and sitting to operate in two ways,according to the form of capital investment,mainly divided into sole proprietorship and joint ventures,and according to the management of firms,mainly divided into direct management of the East and management management.Communicate with officials and businessmen and maintain kinship ties were Lushang operations salient features.The orthodox thought of dominant position in the Ming and Qing dynasties was Confucianism.Shandong region in the pre-Qin period began to accept the influence of Confucian culture.So that Lushang activities and daily life were permeated with a strong benevolence,integrity,humility and other Confucian cultural heritage.But also by the influence of Military strategist and Mohist thought.In Shandong business group,according to cadastral planning for a number of small business groups.They injected vitality to the development of shandong regional economy.At the same time,as an important part of the national economy,Lushang together with other business group at the same time,promoted the modernization of China's industrial and commercial.