Te-kong Tong's Modern Chinese History Study

Te-Kong Tong is a well-known historian in China and overseas.He posse both ancient and modern learning and he has a thorough knowledge of both Chinese and Western history.His research involves Oral History,Modern and Contemporary Chinese History,Europe and America History,and so on.He is also a poet and Redologist.Te-Kong Tong shows his deeper understanding of the history vividly to the Ordinary People and scholars.Currently main standpoint and attitudes of educational circles focus on his research results of Oral History.Actually Te-Kong Tong's research of Modern and Contemporary Chinese History is a excellent work,his main ideas and research methods of historiography are included.But there is no system research about it yet.So the article is the first one to summarize and analyze Te-Kong Tong's work based on his writings of Modern Chinese History.The article includes four sections.The first section teases Te-Kong Tong's lifetime and research situation of Modern Chinese History.Te-Kong Tong has a thorough knowledge of both Chinese and Western history,and he has a long time teaching history abroad,and he is acquainted with both Chinese and Western research methods.Te-Kong Tong was born in the Republic of China,endless wars with his growth,living far away from home.And he was the Witnesses of the modern history of China.Te-Kong Tong has close relations to Huai Army,he was the KMT elder Wu Kaixian's son-in-law and the last disciples of Hu Shi.And Te-Kong Tong had done the Oral History of V.K.Wellington Koo,Li Zongren,Zhang Xueliang.So Te-Kong Tong has the best the best conditions and qualifications to do the study of the modern history of China.The second section analyzes Te-Kong Tong's core point of Modern Chinese History,the transformation of Chinese society-He thought the process of Modern Chinese History can be regarded as the transformation process of Modern Chinese society.There is twice Movement of social transformation in China from ancient times.The first one began in Shang Yang's living age,ended in Emperor Wu of Han.It's spontaneous.Then,Chinese social maintain a long-term stability,about two thousand years.After first Opium War,the second transition begun.It's the invasion of imperialist countries,we are passively received.So,it's also the process we turn to the western social pattern.It will be a gradual and hard process.Te-Kong Tong called the social transformation Historical San Xia.Only set the wisdom of the whole nation,can we survive the second transformation.Social transformation is Te-Kong Tong's core point of the Modern Chinese History.The third section is about Te-Kong Tong's research characteristics.In the part of historical materials,Te-Kong Tong pay attention to the use of oral historical material.He used the oral historical material of the foreigner who experienced Boxer Uprising to seek more history details and he used oral historical material from the V.K.Wellington Koo,Li Zongren and Gao Zongwu who is the important people in the Republic of China.He also shared his own experiences,to make history intuitive.He thought oral historical material very useful to history study.In other hand,Te-Kong Tong used the American government official record serve for his research.For example,Te-Kong Tong found that UK was the main enabler of the Open Door Policy according to the American official record.Te-Kong Tong used the sociological methods to solve the problem of history,too.He thought sociological methods are necessary to historical study.And Te-Kong Tong made every historical figure three-dimensional in his literatures.Te-Kong Tong's historical vie,wpoints shows that he disapprove historian evaluate historical character in the light of Modern people's values.The fourth section is the evaluation of the Te-Kong Tong's research.The article on the basis of traditional historiography standard think Te-Kong Tong's study reflects the reality of the Chinese modern history,and he expresses his expectation to the future development of China.